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Knuckling in Dogs

By
Dr. Mary Cope, PhD
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0
Knuckling in dogs is a neurological disorder that causes a dog to walk on their knuckles
If you suspect knuckling in your dog, pick up their paw and watch if he places the pad down first or if he bends the paw and places the top down first. Credit: Pavol Klimek | Getty Images

Knuckling in dogs is a condition where a dog walks or stands on the top of their paws instead of placing them on the ground properly, on their pads. It might appear your dog is having trouble standing and walking all of a sudden, but you need to look more closely and watch how they put their paw down.

Knuckling results in the paw folding under, causing the dog to drag the top of their foot along the ground. Knuckling is not a disease itself but rather a clinical sign of an underlying medical issue. It should never be ignored. It can impact any dog at any age, though it is more commonly seen in puppies during developmental stages or in older dogs with neurological or musculoskeletal conditions. If your old dog’s back legs appear to be collapsing, watch how they put their paws down when trying to move.

While a dog limping on a front leg may make you think of knuckling, it’s dependent on whether the dog is trying to walk with the top of the foot down or not. Lameness can occur with and without knuckling.

Signs of knuckling in dogs include:

  • Walking or standing on top of their paws
  • Sores on the top of their paws
  • Uneven gait
  • Unsteady gait
  • If you lift the foot, dog places paw back with the top down

Causes of Knuckling in Dogs

There are several potential causes of knuckling, and they vary widely in medical severity:

Neurological dysfunction, diseases impacting the spinal cord, nerves, or brain:

Trauma that impairs communication between the brain and limbs:

Muscular or orthopedic issues:

  • Injuries
  • Age-related deterioration
  • Congenital deformities

Nutritional imbalances in puppies:

  • Rapid growth in large-breed dogs, especially when dietary calcium and phosphorous levels are not fed at proper levels
  • Slippery, uneven footing

Treating Knuckling in Dogs

The treatment for knuckling depends on identifying and addressing the root cause:

  • For neurological conditions, treatment may involve anti-inflammatory medications, physical rehabilitation, and, in some cases, surgery.
  • For orthopedic or muscular problems, supportive wraps, splits, orthopedic braces, and physical therapy can help realign the law and encourage proper limb posture while the underlying injury heals.

In puppies with developmental knuckling, improving their footing by avoiding slippery surfaces, limiting high-impact activity, and providing structured movement can help. In some mild cases, the condition may resolve on its own as the puppy matures, particularly when supportive management is in place.

Nutritional Management of Knuckling in Dogs

Nutrition can play a significant role in the prevention and management of knuckling, especially in growing puppies. Nutrition plays an essential role, particularly during growth stages and recovery. Choosing the right diet can help prevent developmental knuckling and support overall.

Diets that are improperly balanced in calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D can contribute to significant musculoskeletal abnormalities, particularly in large and giant breed dogs. Excessive calcium intake, for example, impacts bone development and can cause bones to grow too quickly or improperly, leading to growth disorders that may present as knuckling.

Ensuring that puppies are fed a complete and balanced diet that is specifically formulated for their size and developmental stage is critical for proper growth and development. For adult dogs, maintaining a healthy weight through proper nutrition helps reduce strain on joints, which can indirectly help prevent issues like knuckling from developing due to joint degeneration.

Knuckling in dogs is a sign of an underlying issue that requires veterinary attention. Early detection and intervention are key, and treatment plans should be tailored to the individual dog based on the root cause of the problem. If your dog begins knuckling, it is crucial to consult a veterinarian promptly to determine the cause and appropriate course of action for your pet.

 

Best Peanut Butter for Dogs

By
Dr. Mary Cope, PhD
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0
The best peanut butter for dogs is the kind that doesn't contain xylitol or any additional sweeteners.
Choose a peanut butter for dogs that does not contain xylitol, which is toxic to dogs. Credit: Betsie Van der Meer | Getty Images

Peanut butter is a popular treat among dog owners, used to fill puzzle toys, hide medications, or as a reward for good behavior. Most dogs love the rich, nutty flavor and, in moderation, peanut butter can be a safe and enjoyable snack for your pup. However, not all peanut butter is created equal, and pet owners should check the ingredient label to ensure no substances that are toxic to dogs, like the deadly sugar substitute xylitol, are used.

 

 

What Is Xylitol?

Xylitol is often used in sugar-free products, including some brands of peanut butter marketed as low-calorie or diabetic-friendly for humans. While safe for people, xylitol peanut butter can cause a dangerous drop in blood sugar in dogs, leading to hypoglycemia and possibly death. Even small amounts can be deadly.

The symptoms of xylitol poisoning can start within 20 minutes. Signs include:

  • Vomiting
  • Decreased activity level
  • Weakness and collapse
  • Difficulty walking or standing
  • Shaking or seizures
  • Coma
  • Liver failure
  • Bleeding problems

It is essential to check the label of any peanut butter prior to giving it to your dog. If xylitol is listed, sometimes under names like “sugar alcohol,” “birch sugar,” “wood sugar,” or “birch bark extract,” the product should never be fed to your pet in any amount.

Peanut Butter for Dogs Without Xylitol

Fortunately, many peanut butter brands are xylitol-free and safe for dogs in moderation. Most brands of peanut butter, especially natural brands, contain minimal ingredients, like just peanuts and salt. While some brands contain added sugars, many of the natural varieties do not. Regular sugar will not harm your pet, but it’s best to avoid feeding it regularly as it contributes additional calories without providing nutrition.

We think the best peanut butter for dogs are the dog-specific peanut butter products. Buddy Butter by Bark Bistro is formulated with canine health in mind, making it a top choice. Some peanut butter treats may contain added nutrients or supplements to support your dog’s health. Some brands, like Kong and West Paw, have products that contain peanut butter in convenient packaging that makes filling interactive chew toys easier for pet owners.

Safely Feed Peanut Butter to Your Dog

When offering peanut butter to your dog, consider the portion size compared to the size of your pet. Peanut butter is a calorie-dense food that is high in fat, which can contribute to significant weight gain if overused. For small dogs, even a tablespoon can contribute a significant number of calories toward their daily intake.

Dogs who suffer from pancreatitis flare-ups or who are sensitive to fat should avoid peanut butter altogether, as the fat content can trigger gastrointestinal upset. Additionally, while peanut butter contains some beneficial nutrients, like protein, niacin, vitamin E, and zinc, it is not a complete food and should only be used sparingly as a supplement or treat, not as a staple in your dog’s diet.

While peanut butter can be a fun, safe treat for most dogs, it is important to check the label to ensure it is free of xylitol, a sugar substitute that is toxic to dogs. Choosing natural or dog-specific products helps ensure safety and using peanut butter in moderation can help prevent unwanted weight gain or digestive issues. When uses sparingly, peanut butter can be a tasty, enriching experience for your dog.

How to Get Dog Hair Out of the Car

By
Debby McMullen, CDBC
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0
Everyone loves a floofy dog, but getting the dog hair out of a car can be a challenge.
Leather seats help prevent dog hair buildup, but the hair just floats down to the carpets. A damp squeegee works best to get hair out of carpets. Credit: Jenna Ardell | Getty Images

I have floofy dogs, so I learned to remove dog hair from my car. I also became a fan of preventatives. For example, if the vehicle that I am buying does not have leather seats, I buy leather seat covers. Yes, they are costly, but they reduce the cleaning time considerably since I don’t have to excavate hair from the seats.

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The best way to remove dog hair from a car is a dampened rubber squeegee or wet rubber gloves. They roll the dog hair up so you can pick off the clumps. I heartily recommend this option as the dampness helps to separate the fur from the carpet. There are also dog-hair removal tools that you can purchase for carpeting and upholstery, which work similarly to a dampened squeegee. A popular choice is the Lilly Brush.

You can also grab a microfiber cloth and a good lint roller. Run the microfiber cloth across the carpet or upholstery to do the “heavy lifting” of that clinging hair. Then grab the lint roller, which eliminates more hair, especially the fine pieces. It requires a lot of time, and you can go through a whole role quickly, but it’s a good finishing touch. A roll of masking tape can work, too, of course. It lasts longer but isn’t as quick as the lint roller.

Vacuuming Dog Hair From a Car

You can try vacuuming, but it’s rarely enough to get dog hair, especially floofy hair, out of the carpeting. The hair becomes one with the carpet. Vacuuming with crevice tools is needed when your dogs are floofy as much of that hair gets into spots that most commercial car-wash vacuums cannot easily reach. I also recommend vacuum brush attachments to help lift the fur from the carpet.

I have been told that spraying a light coating of fabric softener on the carpeting and letting it dry makes the fur easier to vacuum up. I have not tried this myself yet, however.

Professional Help for Dog Hair in Car

If all else fails, consider getting your car detailed by a professional. After all, they generally charge one flat price for this service so having them spend a few hours creating a sparkling inside for your vehicle without you having to lift more than your credit card to pay them might be worth the cost. It’s also a great gift to give someone for a special day. I know I would appreciate such a gesture.

Preventing Dog Hair Buildup in a Car

Personally, few other humans ever ride in my vehicle, and I have an SUV, so my rear seats are always down, with a cover over them. However, if you also have floofy dogs, you know that a covering is not enough to prevent hair from finding its way into crevices. To protect the doors, I have door covers that are inserted into the top of the window. These minimize floofy fur finding its way into the door cubbyholes and makes those areas easier to clean.

One could consider getting those wonderful floor covers such as from WeatherTech, but they are more expensive than leather seat covers I use, so I don’t have them. They do cut down on cleaning dog hair from the car, however, as you can pull the mats out and clean them.

Sileo for Dogs

By
Dr. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM
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0
Sileo for dogs can help with anxiety due to noise or other sensitivities.
Sileo may help a dog who is battling noise phobia or anxiety. Credit: Devon OpdenDries | Getty Images

Sileo gel for dogs may help dogs who seem to instinctively fear noise, or at a minimum, dislike certain noises. Those sounds can include vacuums, fireworks, thunder, any appliance that beeps, and more.

Sileo (dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel) is the first FDA-approved treatment for dogs that experience noise phobias or anxiety. Whether your dog needs treatment, be it behavioral modification or medication, can depend on the severity of the reaction to the noise, the frequency your dog is likely to encounter that sound, and if it is easy for you to manage avoiding that noise.

Sileo gel acts as a sedative for dogs and a bit of a tranquilizer. Your dog is still aware, but he “doesn’t care” as much about the disturbing noise. The gel must be carefully given orally. It is best to give it without food or anything that might interfere with absorption. You should wear gloves to avoid getting it on your skin as you would absorb it yourself. It can lower blood pressure.

Sileo Dosing Chart

It is very important to follow the dosing chart below exactly when giving Sileo, which is a prescription medication. The Sileo syringe has a plunger and marks dots on it to help you accurately dose your dogs, i.e., a 27-lb dog would get three dots.

Zoetis’s Sileo dosage chart is based on weight. Your veterinarian will go over dosages with you prior to dispensing the medication. Each dot contains .25 mL of Sileo. Each mL contains .1 mg of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride. Note: Don’t administer more than is recommended for your dog. When Sileo was released in 2016, there were incidents of people overdosing their dogs. Follow instructions carefully.

Sileo Dosing Chart

Dog Body Weight in PoundsDose in Syringe Dots
4.4 to 12.11
12.2 to 26.5 2
26.6 to 44.03
44.1 to 63.94
64.0 to 86.05
86.1 to 110.26
110.3 to 137.87
137.9 to 166.48
166.5 to 196.29
196.3 to 220.510

Sileo should not be given to dogs with health problems or who are on other medications. Always let your veterinarian know about any other medications or supplements your dog is taking. Weakness, loss of balance, tremors, and urination can all be side effects that should be reported to your veterinarian.

Other Dog Noise Phobia Medications

Other medications are available that may be recommended by your veterinarian as off-label alternatives to help with noise sensitivities. These include trazadone and gabapentin, which can help with anxiety.

Managing Your Dog’s Noise Phobia

Before reaching for medication, evaluate your dog’s noise problem. Management is usually a part of how to handle noise phobias. Perhaps it is just the vacuum that drives him crazy. This can be handled by putting your dog outside, in your car in a crate, or in a quiet corner of the house when you vacuum elsewhere.

Storm responses can be trickier. Storms don’t always follow forecast timing. You may have thought you would be home and able to keep your dog company somewhere quiet during a storm, but the storm arrives an hour earlier than expected. A coworker’s Irish Setter was known to jump out of second-floor windows and then run to escape loud storms. Her dog came to work on predicted stormy days to keep him safe.

Fireworks tend to be scheduled so you can plan. Some people simply pack up around big firework holidays like the 4th of July and head for the middle of nowhere to camp for a few days. If you stay at home, with a known fireworks timetable, you can plan when to medicate your dog for best effect. Many military veterans with PTSD also react to firework sounds. Some towns are now pushing for silent or quiet light displays, such as with drones. You still get the beauty but without the bangs.

Understanding Dogs with Noise Anxiety

Many breeders work to expose their puppies to a variety of sounds as young pups. There are CDs as well as YouTube videos with sirens (some dogs howl at sirens), vacuums, fireworks, gunshots, etc. on them. Initially, play these at very low levels so as not to frighten the pups. Sound can gradually be increased.

Many puppy-evaluation protocols include checking for sound sensitivity. A sharp sound is made, and the response of each individual pup is recorded. A startle is expected (if the dog gives no response, I would be concerned about deafness). Ideally, a pup startles and then either goes to investigate or continues doing what it was. Running off and not wanting to come back is indicative of sound sensitivity.

Dogs of different heritages will often respond differently. For example, guardian breeds, like the Great Pyrenees and Rottweilers, tend to want to go investigate, which makes sense. Herding dogs, like the Australian Shepherd and Border Collies, will tend to want to move away. In “real life,” they would be moving their flock from danger. Terriers tend to charge in.

Behavior Protocols to Reduce Noise Phobias

While medications provide a crutch, it’s wise to use behavior protocols for reducing noise phobias in dogs. If you can, work with a behaviorist to draw up a plan for your individual dog.

“Flooding,” which is overwhelming your dog with the sound until he basically gives up and accepts it, is NOT recommended. It can easily lead to irreparable damage to your dog’s temperament and your relationship.

Desensitization is better. This starts with the offending sound at a very low level. Your dog needs to be able to move away. You try to pair the low-level sound with something the dog loves such as his favorite treats. This works best if done early in the development of this phobia. Once firmly established, it is harder to break. Gradually, you can increase the sound level if your dog stays calm.

The use of physical methods can help. Many owners swear by ThunderShirts and pressure wraps (a la Temple Grandin) to reduce anxiety. The use of earmuffs or ear wraps can also help reduce noises to a tolerable level.

You can also try “noise masking,” which adds sound to the environment to reduce the intensity of unwanted sound. It makes the scary sound more difficult to detect. With things like thunder and fireworks, they “tone down” the noise so it’s less starting to the dog.

Whole Dog Journal offers an online course in handling sound anxiety in dogs. Whole Dog Journal’s online course “Dogs and Noise Anxiety explains the secrets to helping your dog deal with storms, fireworks, loud motors, shrill-sounding appliances, and other ear-piercing noises.

Help Your Dog Avoid Noise

What can you do to avoid noise phobias? Start by looking for a puppy who has had noise exposures and who tested sound for noise reactions. Of course, that isn’t always possible.

If you notice your dog being anxious about certain sounds, act right away. Plan if you can help your dog avoid the noise. A friend’s dog recently became nervous about the washer. So, her dog must be in a quiet room at the other end of the house with the door closed when it is running.

If it is a sound that will be there frequently, work on desensitization. Remember, slow and steady! Don’t rush the process, proceed with baby steps. When you can’t avoid the noise, try to have your dog away and in a quiet, safe place. Anticipate noisy situations and apply a wrap or give medication ahead of time if possible.

What To Know About In-Home Euthanasia

By
Mary Schwager
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3
In home euthanasia can provide your pet with a peaceful end of life in the familiar and comfortable surroundings of their home.
It’s never easy to say goodbye to a beloved dog. With the right veterinarian, in-home euthanasia can make the final moments gentler on the dog and their people. Credit: 9gifts Kevalee | Getty Images

Wherever Harley went, commotion followed. I had a hunch that even in death, his knack for turmoil would live on, and I wasn’t wrong.

The giant-sized, mischievous black Labrador was known for exploits that ranged from picnic raiding (which included jumping on top of a table at a Boy Scout BBQ to swipe their food. I can still hear the mothers’ horrified screams in my mind) and grabbing an entire roast off the stove to remaining unscathed after jumping out a second-story window to scare off a creepy-looking man.

Harley was rescued from a terrible situation, and he cheated death many times, but at the age of 14, his health declined, and I didn’t want him to suffer.

I started exploring in-home euthanasia options to let Harley go peacefully because my 90-pound, brave, wrecking ball of a dog turned into a shaking, cowering, nervous wreck at animal hospitals. There was no way I was going to let him leave this life that stressed.

Back in 2010, there were few in-home pet euthanasia services available. That’s in stark contrast to today, when the option to let your pet go in a non-animal hospital setting has become so popular that there are now local and nationwide companies with teams of veterinarians specializing in dog euthanasia at home.

The Growing Popularity of In-Home Euthanasia

The in-home pet euthanasia industry has blossomed so much that some say it’s grown into a movement.

“It gives me chills because it’s really a paradigm shift, a change in perspective on pet end-of-life care,” says veterinarian Nellie Wilbers, with Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice and In-Home Euthanasia.

The company currently has more than 400 veterinarians helping pet families in 40 states and continues to expand.

“The popularity has grown because our pets are family,” Dr. Wilbers says. “You have more time at home, where everyone can enjoy privacy, peace, and comfort as they say goodbye, and have a little more control over that experience.”

Some pet parents choose in-home euthanasia because it’s difficult, even painful, to get their dog in the carrier or car. Choosing dog euthanasia at home also saves people from having an overwhelming emotional experience at an animal hospital with other people around, and from that horrible ride home without their dog.

Veterinarian Juliana Lyles, owner of A Gentle Goodbye Veterinary Hospice in the Chicagoland area, says some families appreciate the option to have their dog’s last day filled with all the things they love.

“They’re giving their dog all of their favorite foods,” Dr. Lyles says. “The dog doesn’t know anything is different because they’re at home. It’s just any other day to them, which is so beautiful. They don’t fear death. They live in the moment, and for this to be just any other moment for them is—well, I think there’s no better way for them to go, if possible.”

All these reasons are what made in-home euthanasia so appealing to me, so I made an appointment for Harley.

How Does In-Home Pet Euthanasia Work?

Experts say planning ahead can be key with in-home euthanasia since it can be challenging to get a same-day appointment.

Contact Local Veterinarians or Companies in Advance

If you think you may have to let your dog go in the near future, start looking for in-home euthanasia providers. Ask your veterinarian, friends, and family for referrals. Search online in your area and read reviews.

Contact and interview providers. Ask questions about the company and its process. Can you have friends and family around? Can your dog be in their favorite backyard spot? What is the cost?

My survey found the price of in-home euthanasia today ranges from about $400 to $700, depending on the size of your pet, cremation wishes, and extras like paw prints and keepsakes. Ask if you can pay in advance. This way, you won’t be scrambling to find a credit card on the day of the appointment, with tears in your eyes.

Make sure you feel comfortable with the veterinarian or service who will be coming to your home to let your dog go.

“It’s one of the biggest decisions that we have to make as pet owners, and perhaps in our lives,” says Maggie Holl, a licensed vet tech and manager of MN Pets, which provides in-home pet euthanasia in the Minneapolis Twin Cities area.

Once you find a provider, register in advance with the company so you’re in their system, even if you aren’t ready to set an appointment date.

Decide “When is the Right Time?”

Many in-home euthanasia providers are happy to discuss the difficult decision of when to say goodbye to your dog.

“We offer quality of life telehealth appointments for people asking the tough question, ‘How do I know it’s time?’,” Dr. Lyles says. “It makes a big difference. Discussing it helps solidify their thoughts. There’s an expression that we use that it’s far better to be a week too early than an hour too late because a pet is suffering.”

The key is letting them go in peace, and that you and your family are also at peace and understand the decision.

“We’re never going to be ready to say goodbye, never, ever,” Dr. Wilbers says. “We encourage people to lead with love, not selfishly, but being brave and doing what’s best for their pet, even when it hurts us.”

What To Expect During an In-home Euthanasia Appointment

On appointment day, a veterinarian arrives at your home, works with you to make your dog comfortable and calm, and tries to accommodate your wishes.

Veterinarians say the actual euthanasia process they use is similar to in-office euthanasia.

“Most will give the pet some kind of sedation ahead of time,” Dr. Lyles says. “We give a combination of pain control, plus anti-anxiety medicine, plus sedation, so the dog is nice, comfy, and is getting sleepy. Then we give the euthanasia solution that causes them to pass away.”

The veterinarian usually gives you some time with your pet after they’ve passed. This may sound morbid, but my advice is to make sure there’s a plan for when it’s time to remove the body.

Have a Post-Mortem Plan

A few days before I let Harley go, my then-boyfriend brought over a large, blue, plastic sheet.

“What is this?” I said.

“Well,” he responded sheepishly, “This is just in case the veterinarian doesn’t bring anything to carry out Harley’s body. He’s a big dog.”

“Oh my gosh! Of course, the vet will have a plan. This looks like a tarp a serial killer would use!” I yelled, stuffing it into a closet.

On the appointment day, the veterinarian arrived, my boyfriend ushered him in, and soon after, Harley passed away in my arms. He knew how much I loved him. It was exactly as I had hoped.

Until the veterinarian uncomfortably looked around my fourth-floor apartment and said, “Um, ah, hmmm, do you have anything we can put Harley in to carry him out to my car?”

My eyes, blurry and nearly swollen shut from tears, saw my boyfriend’s face light up. He shot me that dreaded “I told you so” look. He jumped up and presented the relieved-looking vet with the serial killer tarp.

The pair moved Harley’s body onto the drop cloth looking thing, then each held an end of the tarp, picked it up, and awkwardly carried it out the door, down the hallway of my building, toward the elevator.

But no matter how they tried to disguise it, no matter how closely they struggled to hold the ends of the plastic sheet closed, there was no way to hide the fact there was a dead body in the tarp.

The suspicious-looking duo got in the elevator, and my boyfriend hoped it didn’t stop on any other floor so they could make a clean getaway.

Nope. One floor later, “Bing,” the doors opened, and a group of young women, all chatting about where to go out that night, got on.

They took one look at the two men in the back of the elevator uncomfortably holding a tarp, which clearly had a body inside, and froze.

The women’s conversation stopped, and the elevator ride continued in eerie silence. “Bing.” “Bing.” Each floor the elevator passed on its way to the ground floor felt like an eternity.

The doors finally opened, and the women ran out; to this day, I’m still surprised they didn’t call the police.

I’ve found that in-home euthanasia has come a long way since then. Years later, I arranged an appointment for another one of my dogs, using a different veterinarian who had a post-mortem plan.

All the in-home euthanasia companies I spoke to for this article assured me they all have arrangements, so the body-moving moment doesn’t end with a neighbor calling 9-1-1.

“I can confidently say things like that do not happen with practices that I have helped,” Holl says. “We are prepared for all sizes of pets. We have little baskets with blankets for the kitties and small dogs. We have a stretcher that we call a bed for large dogs. We lay it down and use a blanket and pillow […] so people don’t have to think about that stuff; their last memory is seeing their dog or their cat tucked into a little bed or basket.”

Veterinarians With Heart and Soul

One of the things that resonated with me after using two in-home euthanasia services was what a tough job these vets have. They show up at people’s homes where everyone is sobbing and suffers with them through the gut-wrenching pain of losing a beloved animal.

When I asked the veterinarians how they cope, they all said it’s a privilege to bring peace to the pets.

“I try to think about the dog who is having a tough time; he is probably in pain, and I get to make this a peaceful process for him,” Dr. Lyles says. “He is so loved that his family arranged to have in-home euthanasia, and that is an amazing gift you can give him.”

I definitely prefer in-home euthanasia, and I’m actually grateful for the disorganized Harley experience. The expected-yet-unexpected serial killer tarp moment just adds to all the infamous Harley stories that live on in our hearts.

What To Expect When Adopting a Long-Stay Shelter Dog

By
Dr. Kate Mornement Phd, CAAB
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1
Long term shelter dog behavior can differ from dogs who have never been to a shelter, or only stayed short term.
When a dog has spent months or years at an animal shelter, it can be hard to adjust to life in a new home. Credit: Alexandra Jursova | Getty Images

Adopting a dog who has been a long-term resident at a shelter can be an incredibly rewarding experience. Long stints in an animal shelter can be stressful for many dogs and some may develop stress- or anxiety-related behavior problems during their stay. In this article you’ll learn what to expect when adopting a long-term shelter dog, how to build trust, and how to help your new best friend adjust to home life.

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The 5 Best Reflective Dog Collars

By
Jae Thomas, CPDT-KA
-
0
The best reflective dog collars help you and others see and locate your dog in twilight and dark nights.
The best reflective dog collars are immediately visible in low-light conditions, easy to use, and comfortable for the dog to wear. Credit: Jae Thomas
Whether you’re camping with your dog, or just want to keep them visible on late-night potty walks, a reflective dog collar is a must-have for your dog’s safety.
To continue reading this article or issue you must be a paid subscriber. Sign in
If you are logged in but cannot access this content, a) your subscription may have expired; b) you may have duplicate accounts (emails) in our system. Please check your account status here or contact customer service.

Subscribe

Subscribe to Whole Dog Journal

With your Whole Dog Journal order you’ll get:

  • Immediate access to this article and 20+ years of archives.
  • Recommendations for the best dog food for your dog.
  • Dry food, homemade diets and recipes, dehydrated and raw options, canned food and more.
  • Brands, formulations and ingredients all searchable in an easy-to-use, searchable database.

Plus, you’ll receive training and care guidance to keep your dog healthy and happy. You’ll feed with less stress…train with greater success…and know you are giving your dog the care he deserves.

Subscribe now and save 72%! Its like getting 8 issues free!

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Did My Dog Sprain His Leg?

By
Dr. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM
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0
A dog with a sprained leg chasing after a ball.
Even chasing a ball can result in a sprained leg, if the dog overextends himself or takes a misstep. Credit: Guillermo Spelucin Runciman | Getty Images

If my dog sprains his leg, or is otherwise lame or sore, my immediate go-to is to run a cold hose over the area (or the whole leg) for 5 minutes two to three times a day. You need to time the 5 minutes because it will feel like an hour after just 30 seconds. I then limit the dog’s activity. I don’t usually give any medication on that first day.

Dog sprain recovery time is short for minor injuries, and often most of the pain is gone by the next day. Remember, though, even if he doesn’t seem sore, you should still rest the dog with crating and leash walking for a week. If your dog is still obviously sore the next day, he should be seen by your veterinarian.

Both sprains and strains are soft-tissue injuries, as opposed to a broken bone, which is an orthopedic injury. While soft tissue may seem simpler, these injuries can be extremely frustrating to heal and may take as long or longer than a simple fracture. Plan for a minimum of two to four weeks, with the possibility of months.

Dog Sprained Leg Symptoms

While the words “sprain” and “strain” get used interchangeably, technically, a sprain refers to an injured ligament and a strain to an injured muscle or tendon.

Both injuries can look similar when you examine your dog. The injured area may feel warm (compared to the normal leg) or be swollen in one area. Most likely, your dog will be less active and have trouble sitting or lying down or getting up. You might notice your dog avoiding stairs.

The stoic dog will be silent, although he may pull his leg away when you examine it and flex and extend joints. The sensitive dog will whimper, cry, and possibly even snap when you manipulate the hurt area. Most dogs will limp with an injured leg.

Sprain injuries tend to be acute. Your dog is bouncing around and then suddenly is holding up a leg. He could have sprained the ligaments in his carpus (wrist). If it is a rear leg, it may be the dreaded cruciate injury.

Strains are associated with joints, since ligaments act to hold the joint together. Strains are more likely due to repetitive stress but can be acute as well. For sport dogs, iliopsoas strains (think groin muscles) can happen acutely or with a buildup over time.

Treatment for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Rest and cold therapy are realistic treatments for your dog. In some cases, support bandages can help, as can encouraging your dog to lie down quietly and rest.

I like to start with the cold hose versus an ice pack for two reasons:

  1. The cold water from a running hose stays cold unlike the ice pack, which warms up.
  2. As a veterinarian, I feel (anecdotally) that the action of running water on the leg is beneficial.

Veterinary Treatment for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Your veterinarian will do a thorough physical examination, plus observe your dog moving. The affected leg will be carefully checked over, looking for redness, warmth, and swelling. The joints on that leg will be flexed and extended. Thermal imaging may pick up subtle injuries. At a sports medicine clinic, your dog may be gaited over force plates to compare his normal leg to his injured leg.

Treatment will vary with the injury. As discussed, mild injuries may respond to cold treatment and restricted exercise. Your veterinarian may prescribe an anti-inflammatory medication or a pain medication to make your dog more comfortable. Remember: Even if your dog seems fine after getting the medication, you still need to follow exercise restrictions. The drugs can cover up symptoms.

Severe injuries like complete tears of a cruciate ligament in the stifle may require surgery. Less severe sprains and strains may benefit from a bandage, splint, or brace. Always have these support items fitted by your veterinarian, even if you purchase them yourself. Some supplements such as Myos may be recommended as support.

Rehab for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Perhaps most important for any sprain or strain is to get your dog into a rehabilitation program (like human physical therapy programs). If your dog is active in dog sports, schedule an appointment with a veterinarian certified in rehabilitation. The proper exercises can help to maintain strength and flexibility while your dog heals and reduce the likelihood of a recurrence. Some of these same exercises can be used to condition a dog and prevent injuries as well.

You might be flexing your dog’s joints manually or encouraging him to walk over cavaletti. Balancing on wobbly or uneven surfaces builds up proprioception (awareness of where his feet are) and his muscles.

Fit Paws has lots of fun equipment for every size dog. They also have blogs and articles on their site to help guide you in using the equipment but always follow your rehab veterinarian’s or veterinary technician’s guidance.

Along with fancy equipment, including underwater treadmills, some of the best results come from simple exercise such as sit/stand and controlled walking. You can also adapt things at home, such cardboard boxes for platforms.

Preventing a Dog’s Sprained Leg

How can you avoid sprains and strains? Start by keeping your dog at optimal weight. Any extra pounds mean extra stress on ligaments, tendons, and muscles.

Don’t count on your sport dog to stay sound as a weekend warrior. He needs exercise throughout the week as well to stay in shape. Each dog sport has exercises, including warmups, along with general fitness programs to ensure your dog’s condition. Chris Zink, DVM, has extensive articles, books, and videos at her site to help keep active dogs sound.

Finally, be realistic about activities for your dog. There are many dog sports. And the ideal sport may change with age or in the aftermath of an injury. Your dog may not be the ideal choice for a hard-driving agility dog but might be perfect for scent work. Find something you both enjoy.

How to Tell If Your Dog Is in Pain

By
Dan Muse
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2
Signs your dog is in pain can be subtle and include fatigue, pacing, and aversion to touch.
Signs a dog is in pain are often subtle, such as not having interest in anything happening around them. Credit: Dmitry Andreev | Getty Images

Dogs communicate their discomfort with subtle changes in their behavior, posture, and habits. Recognizing these signs helps you maintain your dog’s health and know when veterinary care is needed.

 

 

Body Language of a Dog in Pain

Based on their evolutionary history, showing weakness could make a dog vulnerable, so they instinctively hide pain. That means by the time your dog shows signs of pain, she has probably been suffering in silence for a while. Your best way to detect pain is vigilance and observation of your dog’s normal routine.

According to Dr. Aly Cohen at Cornell University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, dogs express signs of pain differently depending on breed, individual makeup, and age. Behavioral changes due to pain often develop gradually, so paying attention to your dog’s daily habits is key. These subtle cues will be detected early on by someone most familiar with the dog:

Changes in mobility

  • Your dog may sit or lie down more frequently, hold an arched back, carry their head low, or position their tail abnormally.
  • They may favor a limb or have difficulty walking.
  • Your pup may have difficulty sitting, climbing stairs, or getting up from a resting position.

Changes in activity level

Behavioral changes

  • He may whimper, yelp, or groan.
  • You may find they are hiding or avoiding interaction.
  • Conversely, they may seek more attention and affection than usual.
  • A dog who’s normally affectionate may now react negatively to being touched.
  • She may lick or chew at a specific spot on her body.
  • Your dog may uncharacteristically snap or growl.
  • They may exhibit excessive panting even at rest.
  • You may notice a change in expression such as flattened ears, grimaces, or glazed eyes.

Changes in daily habits

  • Your dog may exhibit loss of appetite or reduced interest in food.
  • He may sleep more or cannot get comfortable when trying to sleep.
  • Uncharacteristically, your dog may urinate or defecate indoors.

Signs Your Dog Is in Pain

Dr. Victoria Carmella, a Massachusetts-based clinical veterinarian, says: “Subtle signs of pain or discomfort in pets can often be challenging to identify and can easily be mistaken for normal aging. Common indicators such as reluctance to jump or use stairs, difficulty rising, or noticeable changes in behavior or demeanor, may signal underlying pain.”

Dr. Carmilla says pain in animals can manifest differently depending on its location. “For example, pain caused by an ear infection, for example, can be realized by a dog that is reactive to their ears being touched. Being attentive to your pet’s behavior and responses is essential in identifying the source of any discomfort or pain they may be experiencing.”

If you notice any change in your dog’s normal behavior, energy levels, or movements could be a sign of pain. “Trust your instincts. If something seems ‘off,’ it’s worth investigating,” says Dr. Carmella.

Diagnosing Your Dog’s Pain

Early intervention can improve your dog’s comfort and quality of life, so if you observe any of the symptoms listed or simply feel that your dog isn’t acting like themself, it’s always best to talk to your veterinarian. They can perform a thorough examination, diagnose the cause of the pain, and recommend the appropriate course of action, whether it’s medication, physical therapy, or further diagnostics.

“To diagnose the source of your dog’s pain, a veterinarian will begin with a comprehensive physical examination, which is essential for identifying and localizing the source of pain,” Dr. Carmella says. Other tools like X-rays or bloodwork may help rule out underlying conditions and contribute to a more complete assessment of your pet’s overall health.

Once your veterinarian determines a need for pain management, a range of treatment options are available. For mild to moderate cases of joint pain, for example, supplements may help promote joint health and alleviate discomfort, according to Dr. Carmella. “In more severe cases, prescription medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may be necessary.”

“Complementary therapies, including acupuncture, physical therapy and rehabilitation, can also play an important role in a pain management plan,” Dr. Carmella says. For specific underlying conditions, your veterinarian may prescribe other medications and create an individualized treatment plan to help alleviate pain.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs to Control Pain

“Dogs are living longer and healthier lives thanks to advances in veterinary medicine and innovation in animal drug development. With active lifestyles that extend into advanced age, many dogs are diagnosed with osteoarthritis,” according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

For that reason, the FDA has approved several NSAIDs for dogs to control pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. Also, FDA has approved several NSAIDs to control postoperative pain and inflammation with dogs of all ages who undergo surgical procedures.

According to the FDA, NSAIDs are a mainstay of pain management, but warns “these drugs can cause side effects, some of which can be serious.”  It cautions that veterinarians are in the best position to inform dog owners about these side effects and should “discuss the benefits as well as the risks of an NSAID.”

Are Over-the-Counter Medications Safe?

Don’t reach into your own medicine cabinet. While humans and animals may experience similar symptoms, what works for a person may not work in a dog.

More importantly, there are differences in how animals and people absorb and metabolize drugs. These differences can affect the efficacy of a medication as well as its toxicity. Tylenol, of example, can kill your dog. Even small amounts of ibuprofen can be lethal to your pet.

Not only should you not give human medications to your dog, it’s important to prevent pets from accidentally ingesting medications. The report recommends keeping medications out of the reach of dog. “If you have a counter-surfing pet, you may need to keep medications inside a closed cabinet. Even when the bottle is closed, an animal can chew its way in if something smells appealing enough, according to the report.”

Pet-specific over-the-counter supplements tailored to your pet’s needs, Dr. Carmella says, can be a safe and effective option to help support your pet’s bone and joint health, as can supportive care like ice packs. Most human medications are not safe for use in dogs, so it is essential to consult your veterinarian before administering any medication for pain management to your pet.

Long-Term Effects of Untreated Pain in Dogs

If your dog’s pain is left untreated, it can lead to long-term physical, behavioral, and quality-of-life consequences that diminish their well-being.  “Chronic pain often leads to behavioral changes such as irritability or depression. As pain persists, it may also cause a decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss and potential gastrointestinal disturbances,” Dr. Carmella says. Early intervention is crucial to prevent these complications and ensure optimal care for your pet.

Do You Suspect Your Dog is in Pain?

Dr. Carmella says remember that you know your dog best. “If you observe any changes in your pet’s behavior, activity level, appetite, or overall demeanor, it could potentially indicate underlying issues, such as discomfort or pain.” Early detection of potential health problems is crucial for ensuring your pet receives the appropriate care. Consulting with your veterinarian is always recommended to assess and diagnose any concerns.

Can Dogs Get Norovirus?

By
Dr. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM
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0
Dogs can get norovirus from a variety of sources, including other dogs.
Dogs can get norovirus from sniffing an infected dog’s poop. Credit: Imm0rtal | Getty Images

Just like people, dogs are susceptible to gastrointestinal illnesses. So, yes, dogs can get stomach bugs, including anything from just vomiting and diarrhea to whole-body illnesses, just like people.

 

 

Can Pets Get Norovirus from Humans?

A big concern in human medicine is norovirus. This virus can be devastating to people who may already be ill due to its effects on hydration. Can dogs get this virus from people, and if so, share it with others? The answer is yes.

The norovirus is a tough virus and can survive in the environment. Your dog, by sniffing or licking where another dog has eliminated, can take in the virus. If you don’t clean up after him, more viral particles are left to infect others, and even you if you don’t practice good hygiene.

Signs of Norovirus in Dogs

Unlike parvovirus, norovirus is not usually associated with blood in diarrhea or vomit and does not have an associated, distinctive odor. (Parvovirus is one of the deadliest canine gastrointestinal viruses. As is typical of viral infections, there are no specific treatments, just supportive care while your dog’s body fights the virus off with his own immune system.)

Alert your veterinarian if you see these possible signs of norovirus in your dog:

  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Dehydration
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Nausea
  • Approaches food but backs away without eating

Diagnosing Norovirus in Dogs

Mild cases of stomach and intestinal upsets are often treated at home without testing to identify the cause. For severe cases, situations with multiple dogs affected including kennels, daycares, or in a home where people are showing similar symptoms, diagnostics become more important. Fecal samples can be tested for specific DNA to accurately identify which virus is causing the illness using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Regular fecal testing may be done to rule out gastrointestinal parasites as well.

Treatment of Norovirus in Dogs

Treatment is symptomatic. If your dog can’t keep fluids down, you may need to get IV or subcutaneous fluids at the veterinary clinic. Hydration is the most important thing. Ice cubes encourage your dog to slowly lick and take in small amounts of water at a time. Providing plenty of fresh, cool water is important. You can add some low-salt bouillon or juice from tuna canned in water to add flavor to the water and encourage more drinking.

Antiemetics, which are medications that prevent nausea and vomiting, may be prescribed, along with medications to help with diarrhea. Increasing fiber at home by adding some plain canned pumpkin can help with diarrhea.

It is often best to hold off on any food for 24 hours or so, except for small puppies and dogs with some health conditions such as diabetes. Start back up with small amounts of bland food like boiled chicken or hamburger with some rice, pasta, or instant mashed potatoes. There are also prescription bland diets.

Preventing norovirus means avoiding situations where the virus might be present. If there is an outbreak at daycare or the local dog park, keep your dog home. Avoid any areas where dog waste tends to be left and not picked up.

Essentials for Your Dog

By
Joan Merriam
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0
Dog essentials are the gear and products that make your dog's training and life easier and more complete.
Bowls, toys, a leash, and a collar are must-haves when it comes to keeping a dog safe, comfortable, and happy. Credit: Nikola Stojadinovic| Getty Images
What comes to mind when you think of things you need for your dog? (Not necessarily things you want: much as I might like a diamond-encrusted collar or a $1,000 plush dog bed for Frankie, they’re not really necessities. Not in my world, anyway.) When it comes right down to it, pretty much everyone has a different idea of what items are considered essential for a dog.
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What To Do When Your Dog Is Sprayed by a Skunk

By
Mary Schwager
-
2
When your dog is sprayed by a skunk there are some steps you need to take to mitigate the smell and the risk of injury to your dog.
Although skunks typically try to avoid dogs, sometimes the dogs don’t get the message. When a dog gets sprayed by a frightened skunk, it can take some work to get rid of the odor. Credit: Adrian Wojcik | Getty Images
No one expects their dog to get sprayed by a skunk, and they can be got unprepared. Fortunately, there are ways that you can mitigate both the smell and the health risks to your dog that come with getting sprayed by a skunk.
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If you are logged in but cannot access this content, a) your subscription may have expired; b) you may have duplicate accounts (emails) in our system. Please check your account status here or contact customer service.

Subscribe

Subscribe to Whole Dog Journal

With your Whole Dog Journal order you’ll get:

  • Immediate access to this article and 20+ years of archives.
  • Recommendations for the best dog food for your dog.
  • Dry food, homemade diets and recipes, dehydrated and raw options, canned food and more.
  • Brands, formulations and ingredients all searchable in an easy-to-use, searchable database.

Plus, you’ll receive training and care guidance to keep your dog healthy and happy. You’ll feed with less stress…train with greater success…and know you are giving your dog the care he deserves.

Subscribe now and save 72%! Its like getting 8 issues free!

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