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What is Dog Dancing? An Intro To Freestyle Heelwork To Music

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Dog dancing is an activity that can be a lot of fun for both a dog and owner.
Dog dancing, which includes Musical Freestyle and Heelwork to Music, focuses on the connection between dog and handler. Credit: Courtesy of Jan Meyer

If you like teaching your dog tricks, you might like dog dancing. Dog dancing is all about the connection and bond between a handler and their dog. Dog and handler teams perform routines of tricks and skills linked together to music. Routines can tell a story, can be lyrical, and have fun themes. Dogs and handlers often dress up for their performances and can have fun props to interact with as well.

There are two different types of dog dancing in the United States The first is Musical Freestyle. “Musical Freestyle is anything goes,” says Jan Meyer, a dog dance instructor based in Colorado. “You can do any fun things you want with your dog. They can jump, they can go through your legs, you can come up with anything and it’s fine.”

The other type of dog dancing is heelwork to music, which has stricter rules. “Heelwork to Music, the dog has to stay within two feet of you, front, sides, and back,” says Meyer. “They can’t go through your legs, they can’t jump, so you can’t do weaves, figure eights, you can’t have them go to the other side of the ring. So it’s really like a partnership kind of dance.”

Whether you decide to try out Musical Freestyle, Heelwork to Music, or both, dog dancing is an incredibly beginner-friendly sport, but it takes some knowledge to get started.

How to Get Your Dog Started in Dog Dancing

Currently, dog dancing is more popular in Europe than in the United States, but there are still a number of ways to get involved. Jess Anderson, a dog dance competitor and instructor located in Colorado, suggests looking for a local club. She also encourages dog dance enthusiasts to start their own club if none exist in their area.

“Unfortunately in the U.S., I think that Musical Freestyle is very limited to certain specific geographical locations,” says Gin Brophy, a dog dance instructor and competitor located in Michigan. “I wouldn’t be surprised if a lot of areas simply don’t have any options for classes or competitions or even private instruction in the sport. If you’re lucky enough to have a class in your area, that would certainly be a good starting point to start learning about the sport and build some connections.”

Brophy also recommends looking into the World Canine Freestyle Organization (WCFO), which is one of few if not the only truly active dog dance groups in the country. Their website is currently getting overhauled but is normally a good resource to look into to find out if there’s a club in your area.

If there’s no club near you or if you’re brand new to the sport, there are other options for trying out dog dancing. Some instructors offer virtual training options, and Anderson also recommends joining the Dog Dance USA Facebook group. “It’s a central hub spearheaded by a small group who are determined to bring Dog Dance to the U.S. more and more,” she says.

Brophy teaches virtually through her website, everydaywonderdog.com, and is happy to train interested dog and human teams. She also recommends Michele Pouliot’s online freestyle course as an intro to the sport.

How to Find and Enter Dog Dancing Events

Dog dancing often includes costumes to emphasize the routine.
Dog dancing competitions often include costumes—for both dog and handler—designed to emphasize the choreographed routine. Credit: Courtesy of Virginia Brophy

If you’ve taught your dog some skills, taken an in-person class, or studied up virtually, competition is the next natural step for dog dancing. Though there are more groups that offer dog dance titling in Europe, WCFO is the main way to title your dogs in Heelwork to Music and Musical Freestyle in the United States, says Anderson. “The live competitions are far and few between in the U.S., but you can enter videos virtually.”

Local dog dancing clubs, like Boogie Paws run by Jan Meyer, offer virtual trials as well. The beauty of virtual competitions is that you can enter them regardless of where you live. WCFO also offers virtual monthly video events, where competitors can submit videos to be scored for legs towards their titles.

At the time of writing, the WCFO website was undergoing a website overhaul, but Anderson and Meyer say that live and virtual competitions are usually posted there on the calendar tab. For now, it’s best to join a Facebook group or get in contact with a local trainer or club for more info on local competitions.

Because dog dancing trials tend to lean more virtual than in-person, this is a great sport for reactive or nervous dogs. Meyer says that during in-person events, crate space is quite close to the ring and the live trial environment can be challenging for some dogs. With virtual competitions, any dog can try out the sport.

How to Earn Dog Dancing and Freestyle Heelwork Titles

Through WCFO, you can earn titles for Beginner, Novice, Intermediate, Advanced and Perfect Dance Partner (PDP) for both Heelwork to Music and Musical Freestyle. To earn titles, teams have to perform a routine based on a time limit (determined by level). Teams are scored artistically and technically, similar to gymnastics or ice-skating routines.

For the Beginner level, teams need two qualifying scores of 7.3 or above to earn their title. Novice, Intermediate, and Advanced require three qualifying legs with scores of 7.3 and above. Lastly, Perfect Dance Partner requires 5 qualifying legs of 9.5 or above.

According to Meyer, at the Beginner level for Musical Freestyle, judges are mainly looking for a connection with your dog. The dog might do simple turns and spins, figure eights, and heelwork. In Novice, judges look for fewer hand signals and a little bit more polish. In Intermediate, judges want behind work, where the dog does skills from behind you. In Advanced, judges want to see distance work. Once you get to PDP, judges look for zero hand signals and complete connection and flow with your dog.

There are also special divisions in WCFO dog dancing, like Sassy Seniors (which has age limits), and Handi Dandi (for dogs or handlers with handicaps). These different classes aim to make dog dancing more inclusive for different demographics.

Should I Try Dog Dancing with My Dog?

“One of the reasons I love dog dance so much is because truly any dog can do it,” says Anderson. Anderson has done dog dancing with her dog, Jack, and credits the sport with building their relationship and Jack’s confidence. Anderson has also done dog dancing with foster dogs and her older, deaf dog, and says that the sport is truly for any breed, age, or personality.

A common misconception about dog dancing is that you need to know how to dance to do it. Meyer says that handlers don’t need to know how to dance at all to get involved in the sport. She says if your dog can walk next to you, they can learn to dance.

“It’s really fun and relaxed, and a lot lower pressure than some other sports,” says Brophy. She says that dog dancing is a great sport to show off the handler’s creative sides through routine choice, music, and costumes, and that the community makes it a very beginner-friendly sport. Because dog dancing isn’t that big in the United States, Brophy says that people tend to be welcoming and encouraging because they want to see the sport grow and become more accessible.

“To anyone who might be nervous or think their routine or their dog won’t be ‘good enough’, just remember that dog dancing is art, and art is subjective, so there’s no possible way to do it wrong,” Brophy says. “Teach your dog a few tricks, put on some music, and you’re already doing it!”

Is Rawhide Bad for Your Dog?

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Is rawhide bad for dogs? It can be
If you decide to give your dog rawhide, it is important to pick properly sized chews that have not been chemically treated. Credit: SamuelBrownNG | Getty Images

Dogs love to chew and rawhide chews have long been best-sellers. Made from the skin of cattle, pigs, deer, and other animals, they’re called “raw” because they haven’t been tanned for use as leather. Rawhide chews keep dogs entertained for hours and are inexpensive, convenient treats. But are they safe?

Rawhide chews are potentially dangerous because they can be a choking hazard or cause gastrointestinal obstructions. Some rawhide chews are hard enough to break or damage teeth.

Rawhides are not considered “food” by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are therefore unregulated. They are exempt from AAFCO registration and labeling requirements and their labels are not required to include a guaranteed nutritional analysis.

According to Today’s Veterinary Practice (January 2024), many rawhide chews are treated with degreasers, detergents, sodium bicarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, lime, or other chemicals to remove hair or fat, kill pathogens, and improve appearance. Cheaper ingredients, scrap rawhide, and artificial colors and flavors are often added and additives, such as glues to hold shape, may be used. Ingesting rawhide exposes dogs to these processing chemicals and other questionable ingredients.

Benefits of Rawhide for Dogs

At the same time, rawhide treats have been shown to:

How to Avoid Problems with Rawhide

In 2023, Veterinary dentist John R. Lewis, VMD, reported in the Journal of the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association that the ideal chew item for dogs should be:

  • Sufficiently interesting to the animal to encourage chewing
  • Long-lasting or safe to give frequently
  • Of high nutritional quality with minimal calories above the current diet
  • Proven to decrease plaque and calculus
  • Not excessively hard in order to avoid harm to the teeth and jaws
  • Has minimal risk of toxicity, choking, and GI obstruction

Rawhide easily satisfies the first two criteria, and although it is not known for high nutritional quality, rawhide contains some protein. The main risks associated with rawhide chews are that, unless sourced and manufactured to avoid these problems, they can contain traces of toxic chemicals and be hard enough to damage teeth or harm the gastrointestinal tract.

Best Rawhide Choices

Reflecting today’s interest in natural diets, improved-quality rawhide chews are growing in popularity. Companies that minimally process hides from grass-fed (highest quality) animals include:

White Oak Pastures Grass-Fed & Pastured Pet Chews.

Fresh Farms Grass-Fed Rawhide Chews

Real Hide. Grass-Fed Rawhide Chews

Buffalo Range Grass-Fed Bison Chews

Hotspot Pets.Grass-Fed Rawhide Treats

CowDog Grass-Fed Brazilian Rawhide Chews

These and similar brands produce rawhide chews of different shapes and sizes. It’s important to choose a size appropriate for your dog and consider your dog’s approach to food and treats. Don’t feed small treats to large dogs who might swallow them whole, be careful about giving rawhide to dogs who chew aggressively and gulp their treats, and look for chews that have not been chemically treated.

Rawhide Alternatives

For those who would rather not deal with rawhide at all, pet supply stores offer dozens of alternative treats that can keep your pup busy.

Hooves and Antlers for Dogs

Most dogs love to chew on whole or split antlers from deer or elk, and these are widely available. So are hooves from beef cattle, some of which are filled with peanut butter or other flavorings. Hooves and antlers are very hard, and while many dogs do well with them, some have broken teeth or damaged their gums. Redbarn Dog Chews come with instructions to monitor dogs while they chew, remove any splinters that break off, and always choose a chew size larger than your dog’s mouth. If feeding a filled hoof, check its ingredients, which may be high in sugar, carbohydrates, and calories, and adjust your dog’s diet accordingly.

Chew Sticks

Dogs love to chew on wood,, but doing so can cause injuries. Petstages Dogwood Chew Sticks look like small tree limbs, but they are non-splintering chew toys made of natural wood fiber and synthetic materials that mimic wood’s texture and taste. Many buyers report that these durable sticks last for weeks or months. They come in multiple flavors and sizes, float in water, and satisfy most dogs’ chewing urges.

Nylabones

For 70 years, Nylabone Chew Toys have been helping puppies and adult dogs satisfy their chewing cravings without harming their teeth or surroundings. Nylabone manufactures chew toys, edible chew treats, and dental products that promote oral hygiene, discourage destructive chewing, and reduce stress. Their main ingredient is nylon, a non-toxic thermoplastic polymer that can be made into fabric, toothbrushes, car parts, and plastic food storage film.

Yak Cheese Chews

Yak cheese dog chews from Bully Bunches, Tibetan Dog Chews, Mount Tibet, EcoKind, and other manufacturers keep moderate chewers busy for days. Said to originate in the Himalayas (some are made in Nepal), early yak chews were made of air-dried yak milk. Today’s recipes combine yak milk with lime juice, which is compressed into bars and hardened for weeks. Some recipes include salt and some add strawberry, blueberry, or other flavors. The chews are hard, so opt for something softer if your dog has missing, sore, or weak teeth. Choose a size larger than your dog’s snout. Several manufacturers recommend limiting your dog to one chew every couple of days or less. When your dog reduces a yak cheese bar to a small piece, transform it into a crunchy cheese puff by soaking it in water for 10 minutes, then microwave it for 45 to 60 seconds (time depends on piece size). Let the cheese puff cool before giving it to your dog.

Garden Vegetables

Carrots, parsnips, broccoli, celery, peppers, sweet potatoes, and other raw vegetables are natural dog chews. Because they are sweet and high in carbohydrates, feed them in small quantities. Avoid onions and corn on the cob.

Kongs and Similar Toys

Rubber chew toys that have openings for food and treats are entertaining and rewarding. You can even feed some of your dog’s dinner in them. For inspiration and over a hundred recipes, visit  KONG Cuisine, West Paw (which manufactures chew toys and other items with synthetic, nontoxic rubber) and My Woof’s Pupsicle, which is a lick treat holder rather than a chew toy. Depending on what you stuff them with, these toys will excite and entertain your dog.

Dried Body Parts

A fast-growing section in pet supply stores offers air-dried and freeze-dried lamb lungs, duck necks, beef cheeks, pig snouts, tripe strips, lamb ears, fish skins, bones, and other satisfying dog chews. These animal-source chews come in a variety of shapes and sizes. For examples, visit RedBarn, Nature’s Logic,  Raw Paws, Natural Farm,  ZIWI, Oma’s Pride, and My Pet Carnivore.  

Puppy Teething Toys

For advice about safe, effective puppy chew toys, see “How to Choose the Best Puppy Teething Toys”.

The Importance of Supervision

Whether you choose rawhide chews or alternatives, help your dog enjoy the chewing experience without complications. Study ingredients, plan ahead, select the appropriate size for your dog, introduce chew treats carefully, supervise your pup, and be ready to substitute a different kind of treat if necessary.

New Year’s Wishes for Dog People

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Therapy dogs are wonderful companions on Holidays and New Years.
While on vacation, WDJ Editor Nancy Kerns got to visit Atle the Therapy Dog, whose partner is Lisa Rodier, a friend and long-time contributor to WDJ. Atle mostly works his magic among college students and staff at the University of Rhode Island, Kingston.

I’ve been traveling over the holidays and am still far from my home and my dogs, so I don’t have much to write about. But I would like to send you all some well-wishes for the new year—crafted just for us dog lovers in 2025:

May your puppies grow strong and able and learn about humans, other dogs, and the entire world without fear or pain.

May your young dogs find confidence and poise and enjoy boundless good health.

May your middle-aged dogs experience life by your side with as many treats and toys (and as few unplanned trips to the vet) as possible.

May your old dogs experience all the comfort and ease they deserve—or even if they don’t deserve it!—and bask in your love and admiration to their very last day.

And may you continue to learn to understand your dog’s language and teach him yours, for a joyful and conflict-free life together.

Happy New Year!

5 Best Snuffle Mats for Dogs

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The best dog snuffle mats offer a balance of engagement, stimulation, and ease of cleaning.
The best snuffle mats for dogs are durable, easy to clean, and provide enough of a challenge to keep the dog entertained. Credit: Jae Thomas

Dogs are natural foragers. They have instincts to hunt, sniff, and consume. While we probably don’t want our dogs to be hunting and eating things outside, the best snuffle mats can give your dog a good outlet to practice this instinctual behavior.

 

 

Snuffle mats are typically made with lots of long pieces of fabric attached to a base or mat to create a grass-like toy for your dog to sniff through and find food in. Some snuffle mats aren’t simply long pieces of fabric, they may also include different shaped treat compartments and additional built-in enrichment toys for an added challenge.

Are Snuffle Mats Good for Dogs?

Feeding your dog’s meals in a snuffle mat instead of a bowl is good for dogs for multiple reasons. First, dogs who eat too fast may be at risk for bloat. Snuffle mats extend mealtime and significantly slow down fast eaters.

The best snuffle mats for dogs allow for plenty of mental stimulation.
Snuffle mats, like the fleece option from Pupford shown here, can be used to help fast eaters slow down and provide mental stimulation for your dog. Credit: Jae Thomas

Snuffle mats are also good for mental enrichment. Sniffing is the number one way dogs gather information about the world, and dogs have between 100 million and 300 million scent receptors in their noses (in comparison, humans only have about five to six million). A good sniff sesh can also tire your pup out. Sniffing increases your dog’s respiration rate, so it’s almost like your dog is exercising while sniffing.

Whether you’re stuck inside due to bad weather or simply don’t have the time to take your dog on a long walk, dog snuffle mats are a fantastic way to give your dog some mental enrichment indoors and with little effort on your part.

How to Clean a Snuffle Mat

It’s been scientifically proven that toys and bowls are breeding grounds for bacteria if not cleaned properly. Like dog food and water bowls, snuffle mats should be cleaned between each use to prevent biofilm from forming. Biofilm is a mixture of different bacteria that can settle on your dog’s toys, water bowls, and snuffle mats and cause a slimy or crunchy texture to build up. Some of the bacteria present in biofilm can make both humans and dogs sick.

In a previous story for Whole Dog Journal, Rachel Goldammer, a service-dog breeding consultant and interim kennel manager at Guide Dogs of America in Sylmar, California, recommended using a degreasing agent to break down biofilm on dog toys.

If your snuffle mat is machine-washable, toss it in the laundry with hot water and a degreasing laundry detergent to banish biofilm and reduce the risk of the pets and humans in your home getting sick. If your snuffle mat is not machine washable, you’ll have to hand wash it. Opt for degreasing laundry detergent or Tide dish soap and hot water when hand washing snuffle mats. Make sure to thoroughly scrub them and allow them to soak in the hot water to remove any leftover food debris and germs.

Traits We Want in a Dog Snuffle Mat

Dog snuffle mats need to keep dogs engaged over and over again.
The Pet Parents Forager Snuffle Mat & Slow Feeder Dog Bowl (left) and PAW5 Wooly Snuffle Dog Feeding Mat (right) were among the best dog snuffle mats we tested. Credit: Jae Thomas

 

The best snuffle mats for dogs should be durable, have lots of hiding spots for food and treats, and be easy to clean. Here are the factors we took into consideration when testing snuffle mats:

Durability: Consider your dog: Are they a chewer? Will they pull out a string attached to a bowl-style snuffle mat? Some snuffle mats on the market have lots of fabric attached to a big mat, and depending on the quality, these fabric pieces could easily be pulled off and destroyed or ingested by your dog. Pick a snuffle mat that’s durable if your dog is a chewer, and always monitor them as they use the mat to make sure they’re using it safely.

Difficulty: The whole point of a snuffle mat is to give your dog mental enrichment, so choose a difficulty level appropriate to your dog. We like snuffle mats that have dense snuffle sections with lots of places to hide food. Options like the Pet Parents Forager Snuffle Mat and the PAW5 Wooly Snuffle Mat offer tons of hiding spots for dogs, simulate real foraging in grass, and take dogs a longer time to find all the food.

Cleaning: If you know that you’ll never hand wash your dog’s snuffle mat, opt for one that’s machine washable. Snuffle mats should ideally be cleaned between each use, so picking one that’s easy to wash means you’ll be more likely to clean it frequently.

Whole Dog Journal RatingProductPriceSizeNotes
Pet Parents Forager Snuffle Mat & Slow Feeder Dog Bowl$179 x 9 x 0.25 inchesDense snuffle section, solid construction, and thoughtful details. This reasonably-priced snuffle mat is also machine washable for easy cleaning.
PAW5 Wooly Snuffle Dog Feeding Mat$4018 x 12 x 3 inchesThis snuffle mat took my dogs the longest to complete. It’s made of extremely dense rolled cotton material, and is decently large. I wish it was priced a bit lower. It’s also machine washable.
Pupford Snuffle Mat$2518.5" x 12.5"This fleece snuffle mat is constructed in rows, which means you can separate each row of material to fill with food. It takes a bit longer to fill than other options on the list, but going row by row makes it a bigger challenge for the dogs to find all the food.
Frisco Pizza Snuffle Mat$2020 x 20 x 0.39 inchesBecause of the multiple sewed-on pieces, this snuffle mat is unfortunately not machine washable. It’s extremely large and has lots of hiding spots. Not the best option for dogs who shred or chew stuffed toys.
AWOOF Pet Snuffle Mat for Dogs$1518.8 x 18.8 x 3.1 inchesThough it’s not the most durable snuffle mat, the AWOOF Pet Snuffle mat is a decent option if you buy it on sale. It’s machine washable for easy clean up, and similar in design to our top pick.

Best Overall Dog Snuffle Mat: Pet Parents Forager Snuffle Mat & Slow Feeder Dog Bowl

Pet Parents Forager Snuffle Mat & Slow Feeder Dog Bowl

Quality construction, a dense snuffle section, thoughtful details, and a reasonable price make the Pet Parents Forager the best snuffle mat for dogs. It has a thick canvas backing, durable stitching, and non-slip backing. Though the non-slip backing doesn’t completely keep the snuffle mat from moving, it does a decent job at preventing dogs from slipping on it. This is a bowl-style snuffle mat, so you can pull the cinch string for an extra challenge or to store the mat when not in use. I loved the little tuck pouch for the excess cinch string. On other bowl-style mats I’ve tested, dogs have been able to pull the cinch string out of the mat and chew on it, which can be a choking hazard.

Best Snuffle Mat for Large Dogs: PAW5 Wooly Snuffle Dog Feeding Mat

PAW5 Wooly Snuffle Dog Feeding Mat

The PAW5 Snuffle Mat’s $40 price tag kept it away from being our winner, but it’s still a worthy option in many ways. It’s durable, machine washable, and easy to fill. It’s made of 100% cotton and can easily fit 1-2 cups of food. Just sprinkle the food over the top and push any exposed kibble or treats down a bit to increase the challenge. This mat likely gives the closest experience to foraging in tall grass and took my two dogs the longest to complete out of all the options. The only downside of this mat (aside from the price) is that because it doesn’t have a structured bottom, you can’t really fill it on the table, then set it down for your dog without dropping food out of it. It’s best to fill it while it’s already on the ground, so pop your pup in a crate, another room, or a down stay while you fill it.

Best Fleece Snuffle Mat: Pupford Snuffle Mat

Pupford Snuffle Mat

The Pupford Snuffle mat was a close runner up to the Pet Parents and PAW5 options. The seamed fleece construction means you can separate each layer of fleece into rows while filling, and all the food goes right to the bottom. This way takes a bit longer to fill, but it makes it more of a challenge for dogs to find all the snacks than simply pouring the food on top of the mat.

Most Unique Snuffle Mat: Frisco Pizza Snuffle Mat

Frisco Pizza Snuffle Mat

Most unique, fun-shaped snuffle mats don’t actually have many hiding spots for food and are much too easy for dogs who love to sniff. That’s not the case with the Frisco Pizza Snuffle Mat. This option is almost comically large, and features tons of hiding spots for snacks. The squiggly bacon pieces on top of the pizza are challenging spots, while in and around the pizza are a bit easier. Each section of the pizza is connected by Velcro to the crust, so you could even split it up between multiple dogs. Note that the pizza sections and the crust are plush and stuffed, so this isn’t a good option for dogs who shred or destroy plush toys. I wish this snuffle mat was machine washable, since hand washing between uses adds on an additional time commitment for pet parents.

Best Budget Snuffle Mat: AWOOF Pet Snuffle Mat for Dogs

AWOOF Pet Snuffle Mat for Dogs

This popular Amazon pick is a decent option if you’re looking to try snuffle mats for the first time, and if you can find it on sale. It’s similar in design to the Pet Parents Forager Snuffle Mat, but at its regular price, the AWOOF dog snuffle mat is only $2 cheaper, and the materials are definitely lower quality. In comparison, our top pick, the Pet Parents Forager Snuffle Mat, features a more durable canvas-like bottom construction, heftier anti-slip grip, thicker stitching, and denser middle construction for more challenging sniffing. In most cases we’d recommend just going for the PetParents option, however, the AWOOF snuffle mat is often on sale for $12.  If price is a dealbreaker for you, this is the dog snuffle mat to grab if you see it on sale.

 

What Size Dog Crate Do I Need for My Dog?

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The size of your dog's crate should allow them to stand up, turn around, and lay down comfortably.
The crate you select for your dog should be secure and allow enough room for your dog to stand, sit, and turnaround but not much more than that. Credit: Claudia Luna | Getty Images

Choosing the right size crate for your dog is essential to your dog’s comfort and safety. Whether you are crate training, traveling, or simply providing your dog with a safe space to relax, an appropriately sized crate can make a significant difference in your dog’s wellbeing.

Your dog should be able to stand up, turn around, and lie down comfortably in a crate. A crate that is too small can cause stress and discomfort, while one that is too large may not feel secure and may make training more difficult. It can also pose safety concerns when traveling.

To select a crate that fits your dog, you will need to measure the dog with a measuring tape. It is more efficient if you have someone to help you hold the dog still when you measure. The measurements you need include:

  • This is the distance from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail.
  • This is the dog’s standing height, or the distance from the floor to the top of their head being held in a comfortable position.

Once you have these measurements, you can start comparing them to manufacturer listed crate dimensions. You want to be sure your dog can move freely in the crate, plus, you are usually going to add a bed or mat to the floor, which can take up an inch or so of height space. Consider a crate that is several inches longer and taller than your dog.

Many crate manufacturers provide dog weight ranges for their products. This can give you an idea of the appropriate size, but it is important to remember that some dogs may need more space than others, even if they are within the recommended weight range, so don’t go solely on the dog’s weight as a recommendation for size. Measure height and length. Note: Some manufacturers may have specific ways for you to measure your dog, so be sure to doublecheck the website.

How Big Should a Dog Crate Be?

While dogs need enough space to stand, turn around, and lie down comfortably, it is important that the crate is not too large. Dogs generally prefer snug, enclosed spaces where they feel secure. In addition, a crate that is too large may lead to accidents, as your dog may be inclined to use one corner as a bathroom.

Types of Dog Crates

Crates come in several materials and styles, each with their own benefits. If you’re flying, always check with the airlines for specifications and specific requirements for their carrier. If you’re shipping your dog by a ground transportation service, be sure you choose the best carrier. And, if you and your dog are taking an international journey, there’s a lot more to consider besides the crate.

Wire crates. Wire crates are among the most common crates. They offer great ventilation and visibility for your dog, which can be especially helpful for crate training. They are easy to clean and are considered a secure crate if you have an escape artist.

If you’re interested in a wire crate, but your dog doesn’t like the open feel to the crate (many dogs don’t), you can place a cover over the crate to give it more of a cave-like, secure feel. Wire crates can be folded for storage and are typically a durable option (see manufacturer information for how to collapse a wire dog crate).

Plastic crates. Plastic crates are typically made from hard plastic and are frequently used for travel. They provide a more enclosed, den-like environment, which some dogs prefer. They are easy to wipe or hose clean, although you may have to climb into the bigger ones a bit. These crates tend to be secure, and they have a natural cave-like feel.

Crash crates. There are also plastic and metal crates on the market designed for vehicle travel and have safety considerations built in to try to ensure your pet stays as safe as possible if a vehicle collision occurs. These include crates from Variocage, Impact Crates, SleepyPod (for small dogs), Gunner, and Ruff Land Kennels.

Designed to endure a car crash, these dog crates come in metal and plastic materials, and many can be custom made to your car space and dog ventilation needs. Some can double as a house or competition crate, but these products tend to be heavy and expensive. Some companies have submitted their products to the Center for Pet Safety and received safety certification.

Soft crates. Soft-sided crates are lightweight and made of fabric with a frame of metal or plastic. They are lightweight and easy to transport, fold down for storage, and are comfortable for a dog to rest in. They are popular with people who have well-trained sporting or show dogs, but soft crates are not suitable for puppies or any dogs that scratch or chew. They should only be used for dogs that are already fully crate trained. Most soft crates collapse for storage. Consult manufacturer information for how to fold a soft dog crate.

Selecting the right crate for your dogs is an essential step in ensuring their comfort, safety, and happiness. By measuring your dogs properly and considering their specific needs, you can create a space that helps them feel secure and content.

Puppy Milk Formula

Puppy formula is a substitute for their mother's milk.
Selecting the right puppy formula and timing the feedings appropriately to the pup’s age are vital to raising a puppy without mother’s milk. Credit: 0802290022 | Getty Images

Bringing a newborn puppy, or litter, into your home is exciting, but it also comes with great responsibility. Whether you are caring for a newborn puppy that has been separated from its mother or are fostering a puppy in need, one of the most important aspects of their early development is ensuring they receive the appropriate nutrition. For puppies that are unable to nurse from their mother, puppy milk replacers play a vital role in their growth and development.

What Are Puppy Milk Formulas?

Puppy milk formulas are liquids or ready-to-mix powders that have been specifically formulated to mimic the nutritional profile of a mother dog’s milk. These products are nutritionally balanced to meet the specific needs of a rapidly growing puppy and provide the essential proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals they need for proper development during their first weeks of life. Milk replacers for puppies are a vital resource for orphaned puppies, for those that cannot nurse properly due to health issues, or for mothers who cannot produce an adequate milk supply for their litter.

The first few weeks of a puppy’s life are a time of rapid growth and crucial for their development and life-long health. The primary period that puppy milk replacer is necessary is from birth to about 4 weeks of age. Puppies generally begin to transition to solid foods around 4 weeks, but until then, they rely on their mother’s milk or a high-quality milk replacer as their sole source of nutrition.

Common scenarios where puppy milk replacer might be needed include orphaned puppies, inadequate maternal milk supply, maternal health issues, such as mastitis, and weak or rejected puppies. The sooner an issue can be identified, the better the outcome for the litter, so it is important to keep a very close eye on young puppies, as early intervention can prevent catastrophic outcomes.

Choosing a Good Puppy Milk Replacer

When it comes to milk, it is important to remember that not all milks are the same. For the same reasons that human babies cannot survive on cow’s milk and need baby formula, cow or goat milk is not an appropriate substitute for puppy milk. While cow or goat milk may seem like an easy solution, both contain higher levels of lactose, a sugar found in milk, that can upset a puppy’s sensitive stomach, leading to diarrhea and dehydration, and lower protein and fat levels than puppies need. Cow and goat milk, or the protein fractions of them, may be used as ingredients in puppy milk replacers and are balanced with other components to provide lower lactose levels, higher protein, higher fat, and are fortified with essential vitamins and minerals.

When selecting a puppy milk replacer, consider the form and quality of the product. Choose a product specifically designed for puppies. It should have the proper balance of protein, fat, carbohydrates (milk sugars), vitamins, and minerals needed for growth. Look for formulas that closely match the composition of dog’s milk, which has an average, on a dry matter basis, of 7.5% protein, 9.5% fat, and 3.8% sugar.

The fat composition is especially important, as it is crucial for healthy weight gain and proper brain development. Puppies have delicate stomachs, so look for formulas that are easy to digest. Some brands incorporate enzymes or probiotics to aid in digestion, which can be beneficial for weak or very young puppies. Additionally, some brands include a source of colostrum into their formulations, which helps support immune function and aids in gut health.

Puppy milk replacers come in two types: liquids and powders. Powdered formulas are the most common and cost effective, but they do require mixing with water. Powdered formulas are easier to store and have a longer shelf life, however, error is more likely as owners have to mix the formula themselves. Liquid, or ready-to-feed, formulas are more convenient but are also more expensive. These formulas are ideal for owners who need to avoid the hassle of mixing powder.

When preparing puppy milk replacer, always follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to mix the formula as well as storage after opening. The ratio of powder to water must be precise, as too much powder can cause constipation or dehydration, while too little may result in malnutrition. Always use clean, sterilized bottles and nipples to prevent bacterial or fungal contamination. You can warm the formula by placing the bottle in a bowl of warm water. The milk should be lukewarm – never too hot, as it can burn the puppy’s mouth. It is important not to microwave the milk, as excessive heat can destroy nutrients. After the milk is mixed or opened, it should be refrigerated and used within 24 hours. If left at room temperature, it should be discarded after one hour.

Puppy Feeding Chart

The appropriate feeding schedule depends upon on the age of the puppy:

Newborns (0 to 3 weeks of age): Puppies this young need to be fed every two to three hours, even at night. The amount of milk ingested depends upon the size of the puppy, but stomachs should look full and round, not sunken, after feeding. When feeding, hold the bottle upright and allow the puppy to nurse at its own pace. When choosing a bottle, make sure to select the appropriate nipple size. Too large of a hole make cause the milk to flow too quickly, which can cause the puppy to aspirate and choke, while too small of a hole can restrict milk intake and cause frustration. Ensure puppies are kept warm, as they are unable to thermoregulate at this age. Additionally, after feeding, it is important to stimulate urination and defecation with a warm damp cloth or cotton pad if the puppy is not with their mother.

3 to 4 weeks of age: Feedings can be extended to every three to four hours. At this age, puppies may begin to lap milk from a shallow bowl or dish in addition to being bottle fed.

Weaning (4 to 6 weeks of age): To begin introducing solid food, make a gruel by mixing high-quality puppy food with milk replacer in a shallow dish, gradually reducing the amount of formula over time. By 8 weeks of age, puppies should be fully weaned and eating solid food.

While feeding, watch for any signs of discomfort or complications. Diarrhea, vomiting, aspiration of milk, or lack of weight gain could indicate an issue with the formula or feeding technique. If you notice any of these, contact your veterinarian immediately, as puppies can go downhill very quickly. Maddie’s Fund, an organization dedicated to animal welfare, has an excellent, printable chart that can help guide you through many problems with orphaned puppies.

Choosing the right puppy milk replacer and feeding your puppy properly during their early weeks is essential to ensure they grow up healthy and strong. By selecting a high-quality formula, following feeding guidelines, and monitoring your puppy’s progress, you can help give them the best start possible in life. If you ever feel uncertain about your puppy’s progress, or if problems arise, do not hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian for advice and support.

Seborrhea in Dogs

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Seborrhea in dogs is a disorder of the skin that is a symptom of several diseases.
Closeup the disease on dog skin,Dermatitis in Dog,skin laminate and dog hair fallen around the disease.

Got flaky skin? Maybe with a little odor and grease? Your dog may have seborrhea.

Seborrhea is not a disease, but a description of an abnormal process occurring with your dog’s skin and sebaceous glands. It is a symptom of a broader spectrum of diseases called keratinization disorders.

Keratinization is the formation of the outermost layer of skin. A dog who has a disease that disrupts keratinization may have dry, flaky skin (known as seborrhea sicca) or they may have greasy, flaky skin that has an odor (known as seborrhea oleosa).

Keratinization disorders are divided into two categories: primary disorders and secondary disorders. Primary keratinization disorders include those that have a genetic (also known as inherited) cause. Secondary keratinization disorders always have an underlying primary cause, such as parasites, infections, endocrine diseases, allergies, auto-immune diseases, nutritional deficiencies or cancer.

Primary Keratinization Disorders in Dogs

Most primary keratinization disorders have a genetic cause. Those disorders for which a cause cannot be found are labeled idiopathic.

Genetic or hereditary causes include color dilution alopecia, follicular dysplasia, ichthyosis, and several other recognized conditions that affect certain breeds of dogs. These conditions are inherited and begin to manifest in puppies and young adults.

Color dilution alopecia affects dogs with a blue- or fawn-colored hair coat. Dogs with color dilution alopecia will experience thinning hair or patchy hair loss starting at about six months of age. Their skin may be flaky or even itchy. There is no cure for color dilution alopecia. This condition affects only a dog’s skin and not their overall health.

Follicular dysplasia is a group of genetic disorders that affect the structure of the hair shaft (individual hairs) and the hair follicle (the pore in which the root of the hair sits). Dogs with follicular dysplasia may have regional hair loss, a patchy change in coat color, or a coat with an uneven appearance. They may also have dry, flaky skin that is not itchy.

As with color dilution alopecia, there is no cure for follicular dysplasia. Treatment with retinoids may improve the overall condition of the skin and promote initial regrowth of fur. Even with treatment, hair loss will progressively worsen and become permanent.

Ichthyosis is a group of genetic disorders that affect the structure of the outermost layer of skin. The word prefix “ichthy” comes from the Greek word root for fish. Dogs with ichthyosis have skin that resembles the appearance of fish scales.

Dogs with color dilution alopecia, follicular dysplasia, or ichthyosis may benefit from periodic bathing with a medicated shampoo to manage their dry skin and any superficial skin infections that arise. Their skin should be protected from sun exposure, either with a sunscreen made for dogs or with clothing that blocks UV rays. Dogs with these conditions should not be bred, as they will pass the gene for their condition to their offspring.

Vitamin A dermatosis is an inherited condition that is rarely seen in dogs. Cocker Spaniels are the most affected breed, although this condition has been seen in other breeds of dogs. Some dogs with vitamin A dermatosis have skin that lacks a sufficient amount of vitamin A. Other dogs with this condition are not able to completely utilize the vitamin A in their skin. Vitamin A dermatosis may be treated with oral vitamin A supplementation and a class of medication called retinoids.

Zinc responsive dermatosis may have a genetic or nutritional cause. Type I zinc responsive dermatosis is an inherited condition that affects Siberian Huskies and Alaskan Malamutes. This condition can also be seen in Doberman Pinschers and Great Danes. Dogs with this condition have a genetic defect that limits the amount of zinc they can absorb from their small intestine. These dogs require lifelong supplementation of zinc.

The other two types of zinc responsive dermatosis have nutritional causes and are not inherited. These two types are discussed in the next section on secondary causes.

Secondary Keratinization Disorders in Dogs

Secondary keratinization disorders always have an underlying primary cause. Underlying primary causes include parasites, infections, endocrine diseases, allergies, auto-immune diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and cancer.

Parasitic causes of secondary keratinization disorders include demodicosis, sarcoptic mange, cheyletiellosis, and lice infestations. See the article “Treatment and Signs of Parasites in Dogs” for more information about these skin parasites and how to treat them.

Skin infections caused by bacteria, the yeast Malassezia, or dermatophytes (commonly known as ringworm) may result in a secondary keratinization disorder. Skin infections caused by bacteria or Malassezia are known as pyoderma. Dermatophyte infections are known as dermatophytosis. These infections are often treated with a combination of oral and topical medications.

Endocrine diseases that are associated with secondary keratinization disorders include hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism (also known as Cushing’s disease). Your veterinarian may order blood and urine tests if she suspects one of these endocrine diseases. Both diseases are treated with daily oral medication.

The broad category of allergies includes any cause of atopic dermatitis (also known as atopy), flea allergy dermatitis, food hypersensitivities, and allergies to contact or airborne allergens. See the article “Allergies in Dogs” for more information on diagnosis of allergies and treatment.

Secondary keratinization disorders may be caused by immune-mediated diseases (also known as auto-immune disorders), such as pemphigus foliaceus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sebaceous adenitis, and cutaneous drug reactions. In auto-immune disorders, the dog’s immune system forms antibodies against some of its own cells or tissues. This causes damage to the affected cells or tissues in the body. Auto-immune disorders are treated with medications that regulate the body’s immune system.

The types of zinc responsive dermatosis that have a nutritional cause are known as type II and type III zinc responsive dermatosis. Type II zinc responsive dermatosis is caused by eating a diet that is high in calcium or phytates. Phytates (also known as phytic acid) are found in seeds, nuts, legumes, and grains. Phytates interfere with the absorption of zinc, calcium, and iron. Your veterinarian will recommend diets appropriate for your dog if he has type II zinc responsive dermatosis.

Type III zinc responsive dermatosis is caused by feeding a diet that contains insufficient levels of zinc. This may include home-cooked diets that are not correctly supplemented with appropriate levels of vitamins and minerals. Diets that do not contain the recommended minimum amount of zinc may also cause this type of dermatosis.

Cutaneous lymphoma is a form of cancer that affects the lymphocytes in a dog’s skin. Dogs with cutaneous lymphoma may have red, scaly and flaky skin. Other manifestations of this illness include having one or more raised and ulcerated lesions of the skin, nose, or lips; thickened and ulcerated gums in the mouth; or loss of pigment at the end of the nose.

Diagnosing Canine Keratinization Disorders

Secondary keratinization disorders are more common than primary keratinization disorders in dogs. Your veterinarian will start with diagnostic tests that include a skin swab cytology, a skin scrape cytology, and a fungal culture. Other tests may include blood work, including a complete blood count and chemistry panel. A biopsy of affected skin with histopathology performed by a veterinary dermatology pathologist may be necessary to determine the underlying cause.

With proper diagnosis and treatment, your dog can achieve relief from the discomfort of seborrhea. Talk to your veterinarian about an appropriate diagnostic and treatment plan for your dog’s condition.

High-Fiber Dog Food and Anal Glands

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High fiber dog food can help with anal gland problems and scooting.
A dog scooting on the floor may be battling an anal-gland impaction, which is painful. While he may need a trip to the veterinarian first, feeding a diet higher in fiber can help prevent it from happening again. Credit: ThamLC | Getty Images

One of the most effective ways to help manage and prevent anal-gland problems in dogs is through dietary adjustments, particularly by increasing your dog’s fiber intake. Low-fiber food can cause anal-gland issues in dogs, but it’s one of several risk factors.

“Food-allergy dermatitis and atopic dermatitis may contribute to anal sac disease. Other risk factors include anatomic abnormalities of the anal sacs, chronic diarrhea, constipation, obesity, and a low-fiber diet,” says Dr. Brian Collins, a veterinarian at the Richard P. Riley Canine Health Center at Cornell University.

What are Anal Glands?

Anal-gland issues are a common health concern for dogs, causing discomfort, bad odor, and potential complications if not properly addressed. These problems are often related to anal-gland impaction, where the scent glands near the anus of dogs become full and inflamed, leading to discomfort, scooting, excessive licking, and infections.

Dogs have two small sacs (anal glands) located on either side of the anus. These glands secrete a smelly substance used for marking territory. Normally, these glands express themselves when the dog defecates, with the stool applying pressure to the glands as it passes. However, some dogs experience impaction or infection of the anal glands, which can cause pain, swelling, and discomfort.

Common symptoms of anal-gland issues include:

  • Scooting or dragging their bottom
  • Licking or biting at their rear end
  • A foul, fishy smell
  • Swelling or redness around the anus
  • Difficulty or discomfort while defecating

In some cases, the glands may need to be manually expressed. (Manually expressing the anal glands is not difficult, but you need training to do it.) In severe cases, surgery may be required. However, many anal-gland problems can be managed or prevented through the diet, specifically by increasing the fiber content in the food.

Dog Food High in Fiber

Fiber plays a key role in promoting healthy digestion and bowel movements. It adds bulk to the stool, which in turn helps the anal glands naturally express themselves during defecation. Larger, firmer stools help provide the necessary pressure on the anal glands to encourage expression, reducing the likelihood of impaction.

The two main types of fiber in dog food are soluble fiber and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber is found in ingredients like sweet potatoes, pumpkin, and psyllium. Soluble fiber absorbs water and forms a gel-like substance in the intestines. This helps soften stool and can assist in managing diarrhea and constipation.

Insoluble fiber, also known as bulk fiber, is found in ingredients like celery, green beans, cellulose, and wheat bran. This fiber adds bulk to the stool and improves overall consistency. While both types of fiber are beneficial for anal gland health, insoluble fiber is particularly important for providing the bulk needed to properly express the anal glands.

Best High-Fiber Foods for Anal Glands

When choosing a high-fiber dog food for anal-gland health, look for formulas that include high-fiber ingredients such as brans, oat or rice hulls, beet pulp, cellulose, alfalfa, green beans, and psyllium husk. The ideal fiber content for a dog’s diet depends on the dog’s age, breed, and overall health, however, most adult dogs benefit from a fiber intake of 2.5% to 5% on a dry matter basis. For dogs with anal gland issues, a higher fiber content (5% or more) may be beneficial. Adding vegetables, such as green beans, can also help increase fiber intake for your dog. You can search Whole Dog Journal’s Dry Dog Food Database for foods with higher fiber values.

High-fiber dog food can play a crucial role in managing and preventing anal gland issues by ensuring stools are large and form enough to express the glands naturally. By choosing the right high-fiber dog food and working with your veterinarian, you can ensure your dog stays comfortable, healthy, and free from the discomfort of anal gland issues.

Is Grain-Free Good for Dogs?

A grain free diet isn't necessarily good for dogs unless they're sensitive to grains.
Deciding upon a grain-free or traditional ingredients dog food depends upon your individual dog’s nutritional needs—and, possibly, ingredients he should avoid. Credit: Dageldog | Getty Images

Grain-free dog food has become a popular choice among pet owners in recent years, often marketed as a healthier alternative to traditional kibble that contains grains like wheat and corn. However, while grain-free diets may offer certain benefits to some dogs, they may not be the right choice for every pet. This article explores both the pros and cons of grain-free dog food to help you make an informed decision for your pet’s health and well-being.

As the name suggests, grain-free dog food and treats do not contain any grains, such as wheat, corn, barley, rice, or oats. Instead, these diets rely on alternative carbohydrate sources such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, peas, lentils, chickpeas, or tapioca. These ingredients provide energy and nutrients for the diet and eliminate the need for grains in the formula.

Choosing the Right Food for Your Dog

It is important to understand that all commercial diets, regardless of the ingredients used, are formulated to fall within the necessary nutritional requirements from the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). These standards ensure overall health and nutritional adequacy, regardless of the inclusion or absence of grain. Always check your food label to be sure the food you choose meets AAFCO standards for your specific dog.

When Grain-Free Dog Food May Be Good

When selecting any pet food, it is essential to consider your dog’s individual needs, including age, breed, activity level, and any health concerns.  There are some situations where a grain-free diet may be the best choice for your dog. Some dogs have food sensitivities or allergies to grains, which can result in digestive upset or skin issues.

Common symptoms of food sensitivities in dogs include:

  • Bloating
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Itchy skin
  • Ear infections
  • Hot spots

If your dog is sensitive to grains, a grain-free diet may reduce the risk of triggering these issues and help improve your pet’s health.

Grain-free diets are sometimes used by pet owners who prefer a higher-protein, lower-carbohydrate food for their dog. Dogs with high energy levels or those needing to build or maintain muscle mass may thrive on a protein-dense, grain-free diet.

However, while grain-free diets are often marketed as “high-protein,” not all grain-free foods are created equal. Some foods may rely on non-animal protein sources, such as peas and lentils, instead of using meat. It is also important to note that grain-free does not mean the diet is carbohydrate-free, so keep this in mind when evaluating your options, especially if you are considering switching your pet for weight loss, or to help manage diabetes or insulin resistance.

Concerns About Grain-Free Dog Food

While grain-free dog food can be beneficial for certain dogs, there has been concern in the past several years among veterinarians regarding a potential link between grain-free diets and a heart condition called dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM affects the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, which can lead to heart failure or even sudden death.

In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an investigation to determine if there was a link between grain-free diets, particularly those rich in legumes (peas, lentils, chickpeas), and an increased incidence of DCM. The concerns arose from reports suggesting that dogs, especially breeds that were genetically predisposed to DCM, were developing the condition at an alarming rate while eating grain-free foods.

Since the FDA’s initial report, studies have been conducted, though a definitive correlation between grain-free diets and DCM has not been established. Many veterinarians agree that DCM is a multifactorial disease, meaning it can be caused by a combination of many factors including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and diet.

Regardless of the diet you are feeding, you should always keep an eye out for signs of DCM, which include:

  • Coughing
  • Lethargy
  • difficulty breathing
  • Loss of appetite
  • Collapsing

If you notice any of these signs, consult your veterinarian immediately.

Making the Grain-Free Decision

Ultimately, the decision to feed your dog a grain-free diet depends upon a variety of factors, including your dog’s health status, breed, and individual needs. While grain-free dog food may benefit some dogs with food sensitivities or allergies, it may not be necessary for all pets.

Grain-inclusive diets contain grains, which provide a source of easily digestible carbohydrates. These diets can be an excellent choice for dogs without food sensitivities and many dogs thrive on them. On the other hand, if your dog has a grain sensitivity or is prone to food allergies, a grain-free diet may be a better-fit. The key is to understand your dog’s unique dietary needs and consult with your veterinarian to determine the most appropriate food.

Whole Dog Journal’s Gear of the Year 2025

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Our editors have selected the best dog gear of 2025.

Here at WDJ, we’re always on the lookout for products that improve life with our dogs in any way. Every year, we talk with our experts and determine the toys, training and care tools, and treats that provide the biggest lift to them and their canine companions. These are their top picks for 2025!

 

 

 

Saint Rocco’s Dog Treats

 Price: $24 for 16 ounces

Our pick for the best dog training treats of 2025 is Saint Rocco's.

Saint Rocco's Treats

Saint Rocco’s Treats

Pipersville, PA

 

High-value training treats are the ones you use when you’re teaching your dog something that requires a bit more effort or that you want to stand out as something special, like a jackpot after a tremendous agility run. Saint Rocco’s Dog Treats—especially the salmon variety—are just that. These treats look and smell like real food. My dogs notice as soon as I open a bag. Even the cats come snooping around!

St. Rocco’s was founded by two brothers who had their college careers interrupted by COVID-19 in 2020 and turned the experience into opportunity with just a clean kitchen, small investment, and advice from their dad and granddad, both with pet-food industry experience. And, of course, their dog Cooper, who served as taste tester.

The treats are hand-made, limited-ingredient, contain only human-grade ingredients and no preservatives, and are fresh-baked daily in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. A sample ingredients list? Here is the chicken variety: Chicken breast, sweet potato, vegetable oil, potato flour, paprika, turmeric, and salt. That’s it.

My dogs love the chicken flavor. My sister’s young dog went crazy for the meat-lover flavor. And we had the attention of every dog in the immediate area when the salmon package was opened.

The treats resemble wide strips of jerky, about five inches long, and have a chewy, crumb-free texture (they range from 21% to 25% moisture). While most types can be torn with your fingers into pieces that are whatever size you want to feed to your dog, we did find the cod flavor a bit difficult to tear. It’s probably more efficient to pre-cut them into smaller bites instead of tearing.

By the way, St. Rocco is the patron saint of dogs. I suspect he would be proud. Cindy Foley

Yomp FunFeeder

 Price: $25

Our choices for the best dog slow feed bowl is the yomp fun feeder.

FunFeeder

Yomp

Denver, CO

Buy it on Amazon

As the owner of two high-speed eaters, I have a large collection of bowls that are built with a wide variety of baffles, balusters, and barricades meant to force dogs to eat more slowly. Despite the size of my hoard, though, I have remained unsatisfied with some aspect of each product’s materials or performance: I have several problems with feeding out of plastic bowls (health concerns, the risk of “forever” chemicals leaching out of plastics, the inability to freeze them without the danger of cracking, etc.). The stainless steel slow-feeder bowls are either too simplistic (with a single donut-shaped trough) or with pieces that need to be unscrewed from the base for cleaning.

None of those concerns are posed by the 100% food-grade silicone Yomp FunFeeder bowl. Silicone is one of the safest materials to feed from (it’s used in many infant and toddler eating utensils). This bowl can be filled with wet or fresh food and frozen, and immediately served to a dog out of the freezer; it’s also dishwasher-safe. It’s large enough for a meal for even very large dogs (it measures 9.5″ x 9.5″ x 2.5″), but the baffles inside the bowl are flexible enough that even a small dog can push them around with his nose and tongue to (eventually) reach all the kibble inside. However, the depth of the bowl makes it inappropriate for flat-faced dogs.  – Nancy Kerns

Front Range Day Pack

Price: $70

The ruffwear front range daypack is our choice for the best dog pack of 2025.

Day Pack

I’ve built up quite a collection of dog backpacks over the years searching for something that fits well, holds the right amount of gear, stays balanced, and doesn’t rub or interfere with my dogs’ movement on the trail. Ruffwear’s Front Range Day Pack has been a game changer in those respects.

Unlike many of the backpacks my dogs have been outfitted with, I haven’t had any problems with the Front Range slipping off to one side. It stays balanced and centered even when my energetic young Airedale, Carmen, bounds up a bank or leaps logs on the trail. It also has loops that hook the undersides of the saddlebags to the backpack harness so they don’t bounce when she does!

The fit of the harness is one of my favorite things about it. Carmen is a deep-chested, high-necked dog with a narrow waist—not always the easiest shape to get a good fit with a backpack or harness. However, the Front Range pack fits like it was made for her. It doesn’t get in the way of her neck or legs and is easy to adjust. The padded harness and belly strap have also been great—even when she wears her pack for hours, I haven’t found any rubs or sore spots.

Of the three leash-attachment points the Front Range offers, I typically use the mid-back attachment, but it’s nice to have the option of attaching a leash to either the rear tow loop or chest loop.

While it would be a bit small for overnight trips, the Front Range Day Pack is, as the name implies, great for day hikes. It comes in four (girth) sizes: XSmall (17-21 inches), Small (22-27 inches), Medium (27-32 inches), and Large/XLarge (32-42 inches).

The medium size works well for Carmen, who has a 27-inch girth. Her pack easily fits two water bottles, some food and treats, dog waste bags, and a collapsible bowl. There are also mesh pockets inside to help keep everything organized and secure.

The Front Range Day Pack has stood up well after nearly a year of use and the pack dries quickly when Carmen inevitably goes for dip in whatever creek or stream is at hand. – Kate O’Connor

Ray Ban Meta Smart Glasses

Price: $299 – $379

Our pick for the best smart glasses of 2025 are Ray Ban's Meta glasses.

Smart Glasses

Have you ever tried to grab a quick video of a dog learning something great, only to find that using your iPhone ruins everything? You either 1) spend 10 minutes finding a good spot for your phone mount or 2) you resort to holding the phone, utterly throwing off your natural movement—and the dog’s response.

Enter my new best friend: the amazing Ray Ban Meta Smart Glasses, which contain a tiny camera (that takes still photos or videos of up to one minute), microphone, and speakers. Now, in the middle of any training session, I can capture an utterly authentic video, hands-free: “Hey, Meta, take a video.” The camera in the glasses is always at the right spot, recording exactly what I see. “Hey, Meta, stop.” (You don’t have to speak; you can also take photos or start recording video by tapping the arm of the glasses.)

Using the Meta View app and a Wi-Fi connection, that video can be on my phone in less than a minute, and being watched by my client a moment later. Now they know exactly what their dog is capable of, and they have a video to copy at home that’s much more helpful than trying to remember what they saw me do in person.

I opted for the transition lenses, so they work as sunglasses outside. You can also have prescription lenses put into the Ray Ban frames!

There is a tiny speaker in each arm of the glasses that provides high-quality sound into your ears—without earbuds and without blocking out the sound of your environment. The quality is so good, I use the glasses to listen to podcasts when I’m walking my dogs. They’ll also make calls, send messages, and livestream, but I don’t use those. They had me at quality hands-free video!

The glasses get charged by placing them in their case and using a USB-C cable. The charge lasts as long as four hours of use; when the case itself is fully charged, it can charge the battery in the glasses on the go; the case doesn’t have to be plugged in to charge the glasses.

The Ray Ban Meta Smart Glasses have enough storage to hold 500 photos or 100 30-second videos before you need to download them to your phone using the Meta View app.

At $300+, I originally thought these would be a fun indulgence, but I found they’re a game-changing business tool worth every penny. – Kathy Callahan

The Leader and Lead-All Leashes Multiple-Dog Walking System Starting at

Price: $34

The best multi-dog leash is a system for tiny horse.

Multiple Dog Walking System

Tiny Horse

Toronto, Ontario

“The Leader” is the foundation of the Tiny Horse multiple-dog walking system. It’s essentially an adjustable lead that can be worn around your waist or across your chest, with an integrated adjustable leash for a single dog. From there, you can add any number of Tiny Horse Lead-All Leashes, which can be snapped onto The Leader in a variety of configurations.

I use this system every day when walking my three dogs; I’ve even walked four when I have a canine visitor. When walking only two dogs they never get tangled thanks to the rotating snaps, and even with three it is quick and easy to resolve tangles.

Multiple dogs on a single leash lead.

The waist lead option saves my back and rotator cuffs (not that my perfect angels would ever pull). I particularly love that I can have my hands free while still having control of my dogs. For my summer walks along the roadside, I don’t have to worry about dropping a leash and having a dog dart in front of a car—they are always attached to my waist lead. And all year round I have extra freedom to dole out treats and pick up poop without needing to juggle leashes in my hands.

The company is constantly adding upgrades and new options, and the customization can’t be beat. You can choose from multiple materials and a wide range of colors, plus a variety of accessories to fit your needs and preferences. I opted for the BioThane leashes in neon colors for maximum visibility walking on the road.

My dogs start jumping and squealing as soon as I put on the TinyHorse system, because they know it is time for a long walk! – Kate Basedow

The Curli Clasp Air-Mesh Harness

Price: $31 – $35

Our pick for the best dog harness of 2025 is the Curli air-mesh harness.

Air-Mesh Harness

Curli

Hünenberg, Switzerland

Buy it on Amazon

Our top priority when shopping for a harness for our dog is comfort. It needs to fit, not bind, not restrict, and not weigh the dog down. The Clasp Air-Mesh Harness made by curli (the company spells its name with a small “c”) is all that.

We avoid harnesses that are so wide in front that it affects shoulder movement. We also don’t want them to be so high in the chest area that it restricts the dog’s ability to put his head down and sniff. The curli Clasp Air-Mesh Harness allows full shoulder movement and fits well behind the dog’s elbows, so he can swing his legs freely. The mesh is soft, and the seams have just a tiny bit of give, adding comfort.

Also, we look for harnesses that are simple to put on the dog, not ones that make you ask, “Which way is up?” That means an immediately recognizable top and bottom and a minimum number of snaps and adjustments. With this harness, a Velcro-type fastener at the top of the dog’s shoulders adjusts the fit and the harness is secured by engaging the push-in snap. The leash ring is integrated into both sides of the snap, so clipping on the leash adds extra security.

This beagle is wearing our pick for the best dog harness of 2025.

Putting this harness on your dog couldn’t be easier. It’s step in, pull up, close the top fastener, and snap it shut. This is especially appreciated by dogs like my big-eared Papillon, who hates harnesses that must be pulled over her head.

We love lightweight but cushioned harnesses—safe and secure, of course—but ones that don’t weigh the dog down. Curli says no harness should weigh more than 2% of the dog’s weight. We agree.

The curli harnesses are made in Switzerland and available at large retailers like Chewy and Amazon. This curli Clasp Air-Mesh Harness is particularly designed with small- and medium-sized dogs in mind, but curli offers seven sizes from XXX-S (dogs from about three to six pounds and with a girth of about 10.5 to 12 inches) to XL (about 26 to 40 pounds and with a girth of about 22 to 25 inches).

The Clasp Air-Mesh Harness has reflective strips on it, but I have my eye on a new curli release that is fully reflective. I’m now a curli fan! – Cindy Foley

 

Thule Allax Crate

Price: $800 – $1,000

The Thule Allax crate is our choice for the toughest dog crate of 2025.

Thule Dog Crate

Thule

Malmö, Sweden

Buy it on Amazon

 

 

I’ve tested nearly every crash-tested dog crate on the market, and the new Thule Allax is a car crate to keep an eye out for. Released in September 2024, the Allax crate is similar in design to Variocage crates, but with some serious design improvements. The comparable Variocage single is not only more expensive (starting at $930), it’s also more difficult to assemble and more difficult to adjust its size.

Thule’s Allax crate has a similar sliding design to the expanding and contracting Variocage single, but instead of fiddling with multiple screws, it just has two side levers that can be opened to allow you to adjust the length of the crate to your car. Its assembly was simple; it took only about 30 minutes for me to put together. Having tested both, I’m of the opinion that the Thule Allax is more durable and well-made than Variocage’s crates.

A collie rests in our pick for the best dog crate of 2025.

In terms of safety, the Allax crate has been crash-tested in Thule’s Sweden-based testing center—the same location where all of its roof racks, roof tents, and other car-focused gear undergo their safety assessments. The brand simulated multiple types of impacts, performed “wear and tear” tests to test the durability of the crate for everyday use, and conducted driving tests to ensure the crate remained secure in multiple driving scenarios. Thule’s testing team performed a number of ADAC and VTI crash tests on the crate (international organizations known for testing car seats), and the Allax crate is certified by the internationally recognized TÜV SÜD (a European third-party safety endorsement).

Though the Thule Allax is much newer than the similarly designed Variocage and lacks the history of real-life crash results, given Thule’s existing brand trustworthiness, the extensive crash testing, the durable and stylish design, and the lower price, the Allax may be a better option. – Jae Thomas

Miles Kimball Outdoor Help Step

Price: $40

The miles Kimball help step is one of the best dog training platforms we've found.

Outdoor Help Step

Miles Kimball

Oshkosh, WI

 

I came across the Miles Kimball Outdoor Help Step when I was looking for a low, non-slip platform to use for conditioning work with my dogs. Intended for use as a “half-step” to reduce stair height for humans with mobility challenges, it had everything I needed but was having trouble finding in dog-specific gear (at least in my price range).

The platform is a little less than 4 inches high and weighs 3.25 pounds, making it easy to move around or toss in the car. The surface has small nubs that help prevent slipping but also have a bit of give to them so they’re not too hard on paws. It sits solidly on the ground and rarely skids, even when pounced on by an enthusiastic canine trainee. At roughly 19.5 inches by 15.5 inches, it’s big enough that my 50-pound dog can sit easily on it and small enough that she can pivot around it.

This Airedale is perched on our pick for the best dog training platform of 2025.

My dogs and I have been brutally hard on these nearly indestructible steps. Since I bought them (I currently have two), they’ve seen daily use for conditioning work as well as obedience, agility, and trick training. They have been dug at, carried around (not only by me), left outside rain or shine, jumped on, and just about anything else you can think of.

Along with being a useful training aid, I also used these platforms to help my ancient, mobility-challenged dog get up and down the stairs between the house and the yard. And I keep finding new uses for them! – Kate O’Connor

Welcoming Your Puppy from Planet Dog

Price: $19

Welcoming your puppy from planet dog is one of the best dog training books we've found.

Welcoming Your Puppy from Planet Dog

New World Library

Novato, California

Buy it on Amazon

 

Our readers are familiar with Kathy Callahan’s warm, encouraging style of dog training and writing; she’s been a regular contributor to WDJ for nearly five years. Her new book, Welcoming Your Puppy From Planet Dog (New World Library 2024, 219 pages), concentrates a wealth of tips and tactics for smoothly integrating newly adopted puppies (and dogs) into our homes.

Callahan, an experienced foster provider who has raised more than 200 puppies (and trained many more) in the past decade, is aware that many people find raising puppies to be difficult and often aggravating. Many owners struggle with potty training, chewing, puppy biting, whining, and more. Callahan asks adopters to consider their new pups as creatures from another planet—Planet Dog—unfamiliar with our language and customs and in need of patience and empathy as they struggle to adapt to living in our alien world. With great humor and intelligence, she helps new owners consider their aggravations from the puppy’s perspective, in order to find mutually beneficial solutions to every dog/human culture clash.

Best of all, Callahan guides adopters through the process of getting ready for a puppy, setting up the puppy for success from Day 1, and onward through the first weeks and months of a fulfilling life together. – Nancy Kerns

Woof Pupsicle

Price: $20 – $25

The woof pupsicle is one of the best dog engagement toys of 2025.

Woof Pupsicle

We’ve recommended the original Kong toy and West Paw’s Toppl countless times in these pages; they are the archetypal enrichment toys that can be filled with food to occupy dogs. Now we can add a third product to that list, as the Woof Pupsicle adds some improvements to food-filled enrichment toys.

The Pupsicle is a rubber toy that features a treat compartment in the center and openings around the sides that provide tantalizing but limited access to the treat. The toy has two halves that screw together to hold the treat, or unscrew so the halves can be cleaned or a new treat loaded into the center.

Where Toppls and Kongs require you to put in quite a bit of dog food or other treats, the Woof Pupsicle uses less food while keeping dogs busy for roughly the same amount of time. The small amount of food in the Pupsicle is great for managing the amount of treats your dog gets through the day and is especially nice for pups who might not be able to handle an entire Kong full of peanut butter, for example.

The Pupsicle is more convenient to fill than a Kong or Toppl, too. You can either choose to buy Woof’s pre-made Pupsicle refills (which come in five different flavors and are full of healthy ingredients) or make your own using the Pupsicle Treat Tray (sold separately), a four-treat mold that you can fill with ingredients of your choice and freeze to make frozen treat balls for the Pupsicle.

I found that even using the Treat Tray to make four Pupsicle refills at once was far less time-intensive than filling and freezing a Kong every time. I like to mix powdered bone broth and water and freeze the mixture in the Treat Tray. Then, when I want to give my two dogs an activity while I work from home, it’s as easy as popping the frozen balls into their Pupsicles, and my girls will be busy licking away for at least 30 minutes.

The Woof brand refill pops have easily lasted over an hour at a time with my two medium-sized dogs. I also like that the Woof pops don’t make a mess. When making your own and filling the refill tray with liquid, you sometimes get dripping or melting. The Woof brand refill pops, however, are solid even when they’re not frozen so they don’t melt and make a mess.

The Pupsicle is wildly easy to clean; just open it up and wash it in the top rack of your dishwasher. – Jae Thomas

Are Pig Ears Good For Dogs?

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Pig ears are good for dogs as a chew treat. They do have hazards like salmonella that owners need to be aware of.
Keep the size of your dog in mind when feeding things like pig ears. This pig-ear chew is way too big for the Chihuahua enjoying it. Credit: B. Berit | Getty Images

Pig ears have long been a popular treat for dogs, offering a chewy and satisfying snack that many of our furry friends love. Like many animal-based chews, pig-ears are high in protein and fat, making them an enticing option for dogs. However, as with all treats, including antlers, there are important considerations to keep in mind when deciding if you should include pig ears into your dog’s diet.

Why Dried Pig Ears Are Good for Dogs

One of the main benefits of pig ears is that they can serve as a natural chew to promote dental health. Chewing on pig ears helps to remove plaque and tartar buildup from the teeth via the mechanical action of the chew abrading against the teeth. The tough texture of the ear acts as a natural toothbrush, promoting healthier teeth and gums.

Pig ears are a protein-rich treat, which can contribute to tissue repair, immune function, and energy. While pig ears should not replace a balanced diet, they are a good source of supplemental protein when offered in moderation.

Chewing is a natural behavior for dogs and offering them a natural chew, like a pig ear, can provide both mental and physical enrichment. Chewing helps alleviate boredom and anxiety and can help prevent destructive behavior by allowing for an appropriate outlet for chewing, rather than your pup gnawing on your furniture or shoes.

Risks Associated with Giving a Dog a Pig Ear

While pig ears can be an enjoyable treat for many dogs, there are several potential risks that pet owners should be aware of:

Digestive sensitivity. Pig ears are made primarily of cartilage, skin, and fat, which can be difficult for some dogs to digest. If your dog has a sensitive stomach or is prone to gastrointestinal upset, like diarrhea or vomiting, pig ears may cause them issues.

High in fat. Pig ears are also high in fat, which means they are calorie dense. Overfeeding pig ears can lead to both weight gain and pancreatitis if overfed. Remember to keep the size of your dog in mind when feeding things like pig ears; one pig ear may not be an overwhelming amount for a large breed dog, whereas that same pig ear is likely far too much for a small or toy breed to consume in one sitting.

Choking hazards. As with any chew item, pig ears can pose a choking hazard if the dog bites off too large a piece. Small dogs in particular may have a difficult time managing larger ears. It is essential to supervise your dog whenever they have a chew and take away chunks that may pose a choking hazard.

Salmonella in pig ears. Pig ears, especially those that are not properly processed or stores, can also be a source of bacterial contamination, including Salmonella and E. coli. These bacteria can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in dogs and, in rare cases, can be transmitted to humans. It is crucial to purchase your pig ears from reputable sources that ensure proper processing and hygiene standards. Always be sure you store pig ears in a cool, dry place to prevent bacterial growth.

Most Dogs Like Pig Ears, But . . .

Pig ears can be a tasty, satisfying treat that offer several benefits to dogs, However, they also come with potential risks, particularly due to their high fat content and potential for bacterial contamination.

As with any treat, moderation is key. By monitoring your dog’s intake, buying high-quality ears, and monitoring your dog while they chew, you can enjoy the benefits of this natural treat while minimizing the risks. If you have any concerns about whether pig ears are a suitable treat for your dog, consult with your veterinarian.

Flirt Pole Fun for Dogs

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Flirt poles for dogs are a great play toy that engages and exercises your dog.
Flirt poles can be a great way for dogs to burn off some excess energy. Credit: Jae Thomas

Flirt poles allow for erratic, prey-like movement of the lure or toy at the end that’s fantastically fun for pets to chase. Though they’re often used for cats, these tremendous toys aren’t just for our feline friends—there are flirt poles big and sturdy enough for dogs of all sizes, too.

 

 

How to Use a Flirt Pole

Dog flirt poles are an ideal option for playing with your pup in a way that is natural to their instincts. Many owners are unsure of how to properly play with their dog, and learning how to make toys engaging and fun often includes learning how to move toys in a prey-like way. Flirt poles make it easy to simulate prey: just use the pole to drag the lure slowly on the ground, then jerk it around to simulate prey running. This combination of slow then fast movement will tap into your dog’s chasing instinct and entice your pup to stalk and pounce on the lure. Flirt poles can also be incorporated into training and used as a reward.

The lure at the end of the flirt pole engages with a dogs prey drive and simulates a chase.
The lure at the end of the flirt pole can be used to simulate prey, encouraging dogs to chase and pounce. Credit: Jae Thomas

Kirsten Belinsky, CCPDT-KA, CSC, says to be aware of how you’re moving the flirt pole when you play with your dog. “Keep it low, don’t let your dog jump straight up in the air” she recommends. “It can be dangerous for dogs to jump vertically after a toy.” Belinsky explains that dogs, especially high-drive ones, can become fixated on toys and lose some of their self-preservation during intense play. They can hurt themselves if they jump vertically and land wrong. “The goal is to remember that you want to mimic prey with the flirt pole, and prey moves on the ground,” Belinsky says.

Flirt poles are excellent for dogs who have a lot of prey drive, energetic dogs, and dogs who could use help with impulse control. Dogs who have a lot of prey drive may need an appropriate way to channel their desire to chase small animals, and not every family has access to chasing-based sports like FastCAT. Belinsky often recommends flirt poles to dogs who struggle with high prey drive. “Dogs with high drive and high prey drive need an outlet,” she says. “So you have to give them an outlet before they find one themselves.”

A flirt pole gives dogs a safe, controlled, and easy way to practice that instinctual behavior without the danger that comes with actually chasing prey. Moving the lure or toy on the end of the flirt pole like prey encourages dogs to act out parts of the predatory sequence: Eye (staring at the lure), orient (moving towards the lure), stalk, chase, and grab/bite.

If your dog has a lot of energy but doesn’t like fetch or is too young to go for long runs or hikes, flirt poles can also help tire them out with little effort on your end. “Flirt poles are good for people who aren’t as mobile or don’t want to run as much with their dog,” Belinsky says. “Dog play is often physically demanding on the owner, but flirt poles are great because you don’t have to move very much.”

While enticing your dog with other toys may involve you kneeling or bending over to drag them on the floor, flirt poles feature long poles with long strings that reach the ground even if the handler is standing up. You can then swing the flirt pole back and forth or in big circles to get your dog to chase it, and most of this you can do while stationary. You can even play with your dog with a flirt pole while sitting on the couch.

Best Flirt Poles for Dogs

A selection of flirt poles for dogs reviewed by the author.
Depending on what you are looking for, there are a number of good options when it comes to finding the right flirt pole for your dog. Credit: Jae Thomas

Best Budget Flirt Pole:

Outward Hound Tail Teaser ($18)

This is the dog flirt pole I bought for my Rough Collie when she was a puppy. It’s not the sturdiest flirt pole, but the lures on the end are fuzzy, cute, and really look like little rabbits or hamsters scurrying across the floor. My puppy took to biting the cord and nearly ripped it off the pole when she was young, so definitely supervise your dog when using this flirt pole. It’s good to teach dogs the rules of the game, and to target the lure instead of the string while playing. A good “drop it” command would be helpful for pups who like to tug on the rope instead of the toy on the end.

Best Flirt Pole for Large Dogs:

Squishy Face Studio Flirt Pole V2 ($29)

While many flirt poles look like they’d snap in half at the mere mention of a large dog, the Squishy Face Studio Flirt Pole is seriously hefty. The regular sized flirt pole has a 36-inch pole and a 52-inch cord, which is ideal for getting your dog to run longer distances (the long pole and cord means you can move the lure further away from you without moving yourself). You can choose from polyester lures with or without squeakers in them, and it’s easy to swap them out. The pole on the Squishy Face Studio flirt poles is made of a PVC-like material, and the lures are enticing without being easily shreddable. The Squishy Face Studio Flirt Pole V2 is hands-down the best flirt pole for large dogs.

Most Portable Flirt Pole:

Pupford Extendable Flirt Pole for Dogs Over 20 Lbs ($26)

Whether you travel frequently or just want to be able to take your dog’s flirt pole with you to the park, the Pupford Extendable Flirt Pole is a good option to take on-the-go. The big dog size of this flirt pole is just 22 inches long when collapsed but extends up to 44 inches for play time. Fully extended with the attached string and toy, this flirt pole tops out at 94 inches, which is a great length to get your dog to run and get some good exercise while playing.

Best Flirt Pole for Small Dogs:

Pupford Extendable Flirt Pole for Dogs Under 20 Lbs ($21)

Similar to the brand’s larger version, the Pupford Extendable Flirt Pole for Dogs Under 20 pounds is a collapsible flirt pole that’s easy to take with you, wherever you go. This small-dog friendly model is a bit less sturdy than the big dog one and is smaller overall. The pole extends from 10 inches to 23 inches, and this model comes with a rope toy, a plush toy, and an extra rope. When collapsed, this toy easily fits in a backpack or tote bag to take with you on all your doggy adventures.

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